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Mixture separation Lab I am one of the chemists assigned to design a cost effective procedure for handling the separation and recovery and hazardous waste disposal. The difficulties were trying to figure out Is how we can effectively separate Carbons, sand, and naphthalene? The hypothesis we chose to solve this problem was If we put the mixture into water, alcohol, and mineral spirit, then in each solution one or more substance will not dissolve, will be visible, and also able to separate. According to our data our hypothesis supported the experiment because and sand are lobule in water while naphthalene is not. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The CARBONS, and sand will dissolve in the liquid solvent and the naphthalene will remain in the solid phase. In the other substances methanol and mineral spirit were not soluble in both Carbons and sand. Also in naphthalene mineral spirit was not soluble. To accomplish this experiment we did the following as to have a successful hypothesis. First use three separate ml test tube, and added ml of each substance Including water, methanol, and mineral split. If the Carbons Is something that Is water soluble, then water can be added to the mixture and then It can be altered as the sand is insoluble and will be left behind. Also add 0. 20 grams of each mixture including Carbons, naphthalene, and sand to each test tube. Try to stir or shake the substance to dissolve. If that didn’t work to dissolve the mixture we made a filter paper and placed it in a funnel then try to filter it by pouring the sample in. After that this leads us on to the third option of separation which is evaporation. At last we placed our sample test in an Erlenmeyer flask and then placed it on a hot surface with melting point 8. 2 0 c, waited to evaporate then recorded our data. After each test, try to observe If the sample was soluble In any of the substance. My data definitely supported my hypothesis because In that experience we found out In the lab that H2O was not soluble In naphthalene, and sand. Methanol was not soluble in Carbons, and sand. Also mineral spirit was not soluble in all the substances. Some errors that might have affected my experiment was the evaporation state I think we left it a little bit too long or took it our earlier for the solution. In the filtering stage we might have spilled some of the sample result so hat’s why we maybe got different result. How to cite Chemistry, Papers Chemistry Free Essays Name: Date: Score: /72 INTRODUCTION TO ISOMERISM AND ALKENES EXERCISES 1. Draw the one constitutional isomer that is missing from column 1 of Model 1. (2 points) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Draw ten skeletal representations constitutional isomers missing from column 2 in Model 1 as you can. (Hint: Other than cyclohexane, there are 11 ways to draw a six-carbon backbone that contains a ring. Plus there are isomers of cyclohexane that do not contain a ring. ) (10 points) 3. Are any constitutional isomers missing from Column 3 in Model 1? A good way to answer this and similar questions is to start by drawing all possible carbon backbones. Then figure out how many different ways you can add the Br atom, or double bond. (3 points) 4. Draw as many constitutional isomers as you can with the formula C5H11F. (8 points) 5. Draw the structure of a six-carbon alkene (containing only C and H) with one ring and one double bond. (10 points) a. Draw a constitutional isomer of the structure you drew above with no rings. b. Explain the following statement found in many text books: â€Å"In terms of molecular formula, a ring is equivalent to a double bond. 6. Draw a skeletal representation of Z-2-hexene and E-2-hexene. (4 points) 7. Draw 1-butene. Why does it not make sense to specify either Z or E 1-butene while you must specify Z or E 2-butene to draw the correct molecule? (3 points) 8. Label each double bond E (trans), Z (cis), or neither. (It may help to draw in critical H’s. ) (4 points) 9. Label each double bond Z, E, o r neither. (11 points) a. For each structure draw one constitutional isomer and all possible configurational stereoisomers. b. A â€Å"terminal† double bond is a double bond found at the end of a carbon chain (e. . , VIII and X). What generalization can you make about all â€Å"terminal† double bonds in terms of Z/E (or neither)? c. What is the relationship between Compounds III and IV above? 10. Name this molecule, draw and name its configurational stereoisomer, and construct an explanation for why naming this molecule using cis or trans (instead of E or Z) could lead to ambiguity. (4 points) 11. Draw another example of an alkene that cannot be named using the cis/trans nomenclature. (Such a molecule is not cis, trans or neither, but instead requires the E/Z nomenclature. (4 points) a. Draw the configurational stereoisomer of the molecule you drew above. (If it has no configurational stereoisomer, your original structure is not correct. ) b. Describe the characteristi cs of a molecule that falls outside the cis, trans or neither naming scheme and requires the E/Z naming scheme. 12. Double bonds do not rotate freely under normal conditions. The change from Z to E requires a reaction. This can occur in the presence of a catalyst or with the addition of a large amount of energy (e. g. , at high temperature). 4 points) One such reaction is diagramed below: (1) Add enough potential energy to break the double bond (Eact), (2) free rotation occurs at high energy transition state, then (3) reforming the double bond as a mixture of Z and E. Draw E-2-butene in one box and Z-2-butene in the other box, and explain your reasoning for the positioning of each compound. 13. Make up an example (not appearing in the previous activities) of a pair of molecules that are a) constitutional isomers, b) conformers, c) configurational stereoisomers. (6 points) How to cite Chemistry, Essay examples Chemistry Free Essays