The Battle Of The Roman Empire Essay - 1571 Words

The Roman Empire had a solid armed force which was viewed as the best battling power in mankind s history. The Roman Army strategies and arrangements, versatile troop organization and adaptable vital sending permitted the Romans to make and keep up an extended and stable Empire which made out of various individuals from various ethnic gatherings (Luttwak, 2016). The main system they utilized was to be careful amid infantry fights. That is to say that a trooper was required to survive a fight paying little heed to the result. A normal fight amid the Roman period was set apart with long remain off as the adversaries evaluated each other which had rockets and affront tossed at each other. At the point when sporadic conflicts broke out every so often and troopers needed to surge forward to battle, they would battle with compelling alert, hiding behind their shields and swinging their swords in short protective curves to restrain the presentation of their bodies. This careful style of bat tling by the Roman troopers demonstrates that they battled to stay alive instead of to thrashing the adversary. By doing as such they constrained their odds of getting harmed and being executed. Triumphs in the midst of such period had a spot with the people who could bear the huge physical and mental strain of combat because the causalities were despite for by far most of the fighting. Another technique that was utilized by the Roman Imperial Army was by building assurance and mental qualityShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Roman Empire Essay1991 Words   |  8 PagesThe Roman empire is considered one of the most powerful and longest lasting empire of all time by most historians. At its peak the Roman empire managed to take control and rule nearly the whole inhabited world at the time. Though their military achievements were outstanding the Romans also excelled at legislature. The Romans ran a governmental system which was most like a republic which the power was in the hand of th e senators and patricians. The senators and patricians were mostly extremely richRead MoreRoman Empire History: The Battle of Teutoburg Forest 1690 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction The Battle of Teutoburg Forest was a critical battle in the history of the Roman Empire and in the formation of the German state. This battle took place during the reign of Augustus in 9 AD during the time of the Roman Empire expansion. The fall of the Romans in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest was the consequence of several mistakes and strategic blunders by the Roman general Varus and his superiors in Rome. This paper will outline these mistakes as well as the strategic advantagesRead MoreThe Battle Of The Roman Empire By Caesar s Commentarii De Bello Gallico Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesIn the unrelenting expansion of the Roman Empire, Caesar’s Commentarii de Bello Gallico accounts the engagements of the Gallic Wars, alongside his personal intrigue of Gallic people. Yet, this work makes use of and conveys anthropological reports of a people approaching subjugation by Rome, the Gauls. Furthermore, Asad’s â€Å"Introduction; Barlow’s â€Å"Noble Gauls and the ir other in Caesar s Propaganda†; G. Boys-Stones’ â€Å"The Recovery of Primitive Wisdom in Early Stoicism; Feuchtwang’s â€Å"The Colonial FormationRead MoreSocial and Economic Decline in the Western Roman Empire Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesBy the fourth century, the Roman Empire had developed exponentially with significant growth in cultural, social, and political activity. Leading up to the Battle of Adrianople of 378 AD, the Empire suffered significant division and its once uniform body began to splinter. After multiple attempts to unify the empire, the East and the West grew increasingly independent. The battle proved a critical turning point in the prominence of the West significantly foreshadowing its future. While the decliningRead More30 Years War Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesYears War, which was fought mostly in the Holy Roman Empire (modern Germany), involved nearly all of the major powers of Europe, and was a war that used religion as a cover- up for politics. The war caused the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, and the rise of France as the new power in Europe. During the war new technologies also were used. The Thirty Years War was ended by the peace of Westphalia in 1648. Before the war, the Holy Roman Empire already began to have its struggles. In 1555, theRead MoreThe Punic War1028 Words   |  4 PagesSome empires were prosperous and lengthy, while some came crashing right down. One of the most important parts of a civilization is defending and preserving the empire. Throughout history, many different civilizations used a variety of strategies to defend and preserve their empire. Three civilizations that took interesting approaches on preserving their empires were the Roman, Byzantine, and Egyptian Empires. The Roman Empire was said to be one of the most powerful and largest empires in allRead MoreThe Downfall Of The Roman Empire1535 Words   |  7 PagesHow did Attila the Hun contribute to the downfall of the Roman Empire? â€Å"He was a man born into the world to shake the nations, the scourge of all lands, who in some way terrified all mankind† – Priscus - Cited by Jordanes in The Origin and Deeds of the Goths. Attila the Hun. A man so relentless in his search for power that he killed his own brother, and so blinded by self entitlement that he went to war over a women who showed him no affection. The sheer mention of his notoriously dreaded nameRead MoreThe Macedonian Wars : Ascendency Of The Roman Military Machine Over Greek Rivals1099 Words   |  5 PagesAscendency of the Roman Military Machine over Greek Rivals William Kearns Sections 6-7 May 18, 2017 By 148 BC, Rome controlled the Mediterranean Sea and designated this body of water as â€Å"Mare Nostrum, or â€Å"our sea,† but in 214 BC, at the beginning of the Macedonian Wars, Rome faced several rivals in their seas. In the Western Mediterranean, Rome faced a powerful enemy in Carthage, which it defeated in the Punic Wars from 264 to 146 BC. The successors to Alexander the Great’s Empire dominated theRead MoreRoman Republic And The Roman Empire1146 Words   |  5 Pages Roman Military The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire together lasted for over one-thousand years,and at its height, their extensive territories stretched from the Atlantic Ocean in the West, to the rivers of Mesopotamia in the East, and from the Sahara desert in the South, to the River Rhine in Northern Europe. The one factor that made this spectacular feat possible was the exploits of the Roman Military. The military had succeeded in their expansion campaigns and had successfully defendedRead MoreChurch and State in the Roman Empire Essay555 Words   |  3 PagesChurch and State in the Roman Empire As most of the civilizations studied so far in Western Civilization – the Romans were a religious people. From the rise of the Roman Empire to the fall of its institutions, there was always a backdrop of religious involvement in the affairs of the state and people. Polytheism seems to reign throughout the majority of the Empire. Although the book states very little about the religious affairs of the people, one can conclude that this society was totally

Prison Is The Most Common Form Of Criminal Punishment

INTRODUCTION: A prison is a facility that holds offenders who have been convicted, or found guilty, of serious crimes. The government use prisons to keep them in the custody of the state and under a controlled environment for a certain amount of time, which varies depending upon the circumstances of their confinement; also, these facilities are used to separate them from society. Prisons propose education and health care to their inmates, but also offer danger to them. Prisons are a serious place with a variety of ethics. Development of Prisons: Before the use of prisons, offenders were typically punished in cruel and horrific ways. According to Frank Schmalleger (2015), â€Å"corporal punishments were the most common form of criminal punishment† (p.414). In those days, people would follow the eye for an eye code. This means an equal punishment should be established for the offender. For example, a man was publicly beat, broken, and killed for murder in 1721 (Schmalleger, 2015, p.414). As the years went by, this barbaric behavior was slowly becoming unacceptable in the United States. The concept of imprisoning someone as punishment became the ideal way to deal with criminal acts. As of now, the United States no long barbarically punishes criminals for breaking the law. Instead, they are imprisoned in specific prisons that house a variety of offenders. Types of prisons: There are variety of prisons that have been created by the Government. First, Minimum security prisons.Show MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty: An Appropriate Punishment Essay examples1517 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment has been a punitive consequence of multiple societies in many different countries over the years. The death penalty has been witnessed in many different forms, depending on the society or culture. It is viewed as an act of justice due to its deeply embedded historical tradition. Over the centuries, many cultures have used capital punishment because it ensures the safety of society. Criminals continue to use violence as their way of solving a problem. Capital punishment deters crimeRead MoreSolitary Confinement Is A Form Of Punishment918 Words   |  4 Pagesthe worst and any criminal who cannot be left in general population. Supermax prisons is a form of tool where the wardens and security guards can manage any disobedient prisoners. Many state wardens believe that solitary confinement does provide order and safety to the correctional staff and the inmates as well. This form of housing unit is needed because those who are not cooperative to any form of treatment and who are a threat to those around them need this form of punishment. â€Å"Supermax is a mechanismRead MoreBanning the Death Penalty1620 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Should the death penalty be banned internationally as a type of punishment? This form of punishment has been quite a controversial issue worldwide for quite a few years. The death penalty for hundreds of thousands of years has been a punishment for criminals throughout the world; in the past ranging from what we would now consider small crimes to huge ones, to the present where most if not all those punished with death penalty are for fairly large crimes. Actual laws involving deathRead MoreThe Failure Of The American Prison System940 Words   |  4 PagesThe Failure of the American Prison System What if someone broke into your house and stole everything of value and sold it so they could buy their next dose of heroin? Would you rather see them spend the next ten to fifteen years in prison? Or would you prefer the crime never happened because they got the rehabilitation they needed so they never robbed you for drug money?   The United States correctional system uses both punishment and rehabilitation when dealing with offenders. There are many waysRead MoreJuvenile Crime Has Become More Valuable Members Of Society?938 Words   |  4 Pagesof these criminals. Incidences of juvenile crime skyrocketed in the 1980s and 1990s, and policymakers pushed for laws that sent children as young as thirteen years old to trial, and even made them eligible for prison sentences. The general public has expressed a common desire to reduce the incidence of juvenile crime and find effective legislation to discipline these youths, but there are questions about these methods. What is more effec tive, incarceration or rehabilitation? Does criminal punishmentRead MorePenitentiary Ideal and the American Prisons1292 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Penitentiary Ideal and the American Prisons: Prisons have developed to become famous institutions in the modern society to an extent that its difficult to remember that these institutions have a history of slightly over two centuries. Prisons emerged in Europe first before the United States as a product of the dual transformation that established the basis for contemporary capitalism. The institutions are famous because they are an integral part of the criminal justice system that house condemnedRead MoreImagine Having A Criminal, Who Has Escaped From Multiple1663 Words   |  7 PagesImagine having a criminal, who has escaped from multiple prisons; the system cannot contain him. He has been charged with multiple crimes, including murder. He is very powerful and has lots of money. What should happen to this extremely dangerous criminal when he is caught again? This is where capital punishment would come into play. Some people say the capital punishment should not be banned in any U. S. state and many people say capital p unishment should be federally banned. However, bothRead MoreDeath Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment895 Words   |  4 Pagesstates they practice death penalty as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty has been around since the country has been founded and is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Legally there are only a number of ways one can be executed here in the U.S, those include; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad, with lethal injection being the most common form. For centuries people have argued for orRead MoreEssay on The Death Penalty Does NOT Reduce Crime1533 Words   |  7 PagesTodays system of capital punishment tolerates many inequalities and injustices. The common arguments for the death penalty are filled with holes. Imposing the death penalty is expensive and time consuming. Each year billions of dollars are spent to sentence criminals to death. Pe rhaps the most frequently raised argument against capital punishment is that of its cost. Other thoughts on the death penalty are to turn criminals away from committing violent acts. A just argument against the death penaltyRead MoreEssay on Criminal Sentencing Purpose1300 Words   |  6 Pages Criminal Sentencing purpose There was once a Television show name â€Å"Berretta† and the show theme song said do not do crime if you cannot do the time. That is a true saying, one that should be on every criminal mind why they are committing a crime. Sentencing a criminal for crimes for which they have been convicted of is their due punishment according to the severity of the crime committed. The Courts have for centuries punished criminals according to the belief of the

Role of Insurnce in development and growth of economy Free Essays

Economists have demonstrated that economic growth and insurance development are interdependent nd that a world without insurance would be much less developed and much less stable. How Insurance Sector promotes Economic Development Insurance including insurance brokers promote economic development through various channels: Insurance reduces the waste of country and brings a market confidence. Insurance reduces the capital firms need to operate. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Insurnce in development and growth of economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Insurance fosters Investment and innovation by creating an environment of greater certainty. Insurers are solid partners for the development of a workable supplementary system of social protection, In particular In the field of retirement and health provision. As institutional investors, insurers contribute to the modernisation of financial markets and facilitate firms’ access to capital. Insurance promotes sensible risk-management measures through the price mechanism and other methods and contributes to responsible and sustainable economic development. Insurance fosters stable consumption throughout the consumers life. It will be more worth to describe that there are three (3) important pillars of any economy that provide and facilitate an economy with immense contribution like employment opportunities, major tax contributions and growth In GDP. However there are also other areas which will be worth appreciated by mentioning here but it will deviate us from our prime objective of explaining role of Insurance broking sectors. However, the three (3) Important pillars are Banks, Joint Stock Companies and Insurance companies. Moreover, In a global economy characterised by rapid social and demographic change and by the emergence of new risks (e. g. by climate change or technological developments) and new needs (health care, pensions), cooperation between private insurance and public institutions is essential. This cooperation can ring benefits in many fields, for example, health of the working population, accident prevention, compensation for agricultural risks, international trade (export credit insurance), etc. How Insurance sector fosters Economic Growth The insurance industry promotes economic growth and structural development through the following channels: Providing broader insurance coverage directly to firms, Improving their financial soundness. Fostering entrepreneurial attitudes, encouraging Investment, Innovation, market dynamism and competition. Offering social protection alongside the state, releasing pressure on public sector finance. Enhancing financial intermediation, creating liquidity and mobilizing savings. As channel them towards investment opportunities, facilitating companies’ access to capital. Promoting sensible risk management by households and firms, contributing to sustainable and responsible development. Fostering stable consumption throughout life. Conclusion The role at Macro level: (1) To secure economic stability. (2) To safeguard economic and fiscal sustainability. (3) To promote a growth- and employment-orientated and efficient allocation of resources. How to cite Role of Insurnce in development and growth of economy, Papers

Commercial Law Aldi Supermarket Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Law Aldi Supermarket. Answer: Issue The chief concern based on the given situation is to highlight if Tamara would be able to recover damages from the Aldi Supermarket on the alleged charges of being negligent in their conduct resulting in damages sustained by her. Rule The concernedlaw which is applicable is the negligence tort. The burden of proof lies on the plaintiff who essentially needs to comply with three conditions in order to hold the defendant responsible for negligence and thereby legally recover damages. Non-adherence of any of the three conditions would lead to failure on the part of the plaintiff to hold the defendant liable (Harvey, 2009) The first condition requires that a duty to care must be owed on behalf of the defendant for the plaintiff. This would be possible only when the two have a neighbor relationship. In order to establish the same, the plaintiff would have to prove that any decision on part of defendant to go ahead or abort a particular action could have adverse impact for the plaintiff. This is apparent from the verdict of the Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] AC 562 case (Lindgren, 2011). This duty of care has limitations as it is applicable only for those damages which are foreseeable and hence thereby preventable. It is expected that the defendant would put in place measures to safeguard the plaintiff (Latimer, 2016). The next conditions relates to complying with the duty to care established above by the defendant by making sure that requisite preventive actions are taken to ensure that the plaintiff is not harmed. The level fo care required would be in the form of conduct which would be expected under the relevant scenario by a reasonable person (Harvey, 2009). Further, in accordance to the risk of damage along with the extent of potential damage that could be caused to the plaintiff, the defendant would require to act and take appropriate measures. Cases where the damage could be huge would require more stringent steps on part of the defendant to protect the plaintiff from any harm. The breach of duty would arise if the defendant does not take the appropriate measures expected from a reasonable individual (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). Finally, negligence would be incomplete if the breach of duty does not cause any damage to the plaintiff. However, only the presence of damage would not be suffice as it needs to be linked with the breach of duty on behalf of the defendant. The most potent way to ensure this is to establish that the plaintiff would not have suffered any damage had the defendant not violated with duty to care bestowed (Davenport and Parker, 2014). Also, it is noteworthy that the damage as defined for the purpose of negligence is quite wide and includes physical, monetary, mental or emotional damage (Lindgren, 2011). Also, the plaintiff has a responsibility to act in a manner which upholds the safety of the same. Any negligent action on behalf of the plaintiff leading to injury would amount to contributory negligence and would serve as a potent ground for the defendant to argue for minimization of liability payment or damage payment to plaintiff (Latimer, 2016). Application As per the details offered, Tamara has a chocolate addiction but has a problem since her favorite brand of chocolate is available at only one supermarket in the town which happens to be the local Aldi Store. She visits the store daily to buy her favorite brand but often has to return disappointed as these are sold out. But on one Saturday, while shopping in the Aldi store, she saw that one last bar of the chocolate that she loves was remaining. She wanted to buy the same before anyone else and thus made a sprint towards the far end of the aisle where she was standing. Further, she noticed a customer on the other side of the aisle approaching the lone bar which her hurry even more. In her path was a spilled ice cream which she did not notice in the haste to reach the chocolate bar and thereby slipped on the same and suffered damage in the form of a broken back which required prolonged hospital stay for recovery besides monetary loss. It is apparent that the first condition is satisfied as per which there is a neighbor relation between Tamara and Aldi store. This is because negligence on the part of the Aldi store in performing or not performing certain actions could potentially cause damage to the customers located within the premises. The damage caused due to customer stumbling or falling over from spillages is a foreseeable one for a retail business and thus requisite measures have to be taken. In order to prevent damage to customer, Aldi makes sure that at a frequency of 40 minutes, there is cleaning of the aisles coupled with their inspection. Clearly, this is in line with the action any reasonable person would undertake and also the period of 40 minutes seems quite reasonable. Therefore, it may be concluded that the breach of duty is not present in Aldis conduct. Further, there is satisfaction of damage caused to Tamara but the same cannot be attributed to any breach since there is none. Also, it is her own conduct which amounted to gross negligence due to her addiction for chocolates as she should have been aware that there could be spillages and she should have exhibited precaution. Thus, Aldi is not responsible for the loss suffered by the plaintiff Tamara. Conclusion The discussion above clearly indicates that the local Aldi store is not responsible for the loss suffered by Tamara since it has not acted in a negligent manner. On the contrary, it is Tamara who was negligent in her conduct which has amounted to injuries being suffered by her. References Davenport, S. Parker, D. (2014). Business andLaw in Australia, 2nd ed. Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. Gibson, A. Fraser, D. (2014). Business Law, 8th ed. Sydney: Pearson Publications. Harvey, C. (2009). Foundations of Australian law, 2nd ed. Victoria: Tilde University Press. Latimer, P. (2016). Australian Business Law, 4th ed. Sydney: LexisNexis Study Guide. Lindgren, KE. (2011). Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia, 12th ed. Sydney: LexisNexis Publications.

Lewis Latimer Essay Thesis Example For Students

Lewis Latimer Essay Thesis Lewis LatimerLewis Howard Latimer was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, on September 4, 1848, six years after his parents, George and Rebecca Latimer, had run away from slavery in Virginia. They were determined to be free and that their children be born on free soil. Because of his light complexion, George was able to pose as a plantation owner with the darker-skinned Rebecca as his slave. Shortly after arriving in Boston, Massachusetts, he was recognized as a fugitive and jailed while his wife was taken to a safe hiding place. The arrest was protested vigorously by the community. Frederick Douglass, a former slave who had escaped to Massachusetts several years earlier, and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison spoke forcefully against the arrest. There was a trial, and the attempts to recapture George and return him to Virginia caused considerable agitation in Boston. We will write a custom essay on Lewis Latimer Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When the trial judge ruled that Latimer still belonged to his Virginia owner, an African-American minister paid $400 for his release. Although free, George was still extremely poor, working as a barber, paper-hanger and in other odd jobs to support his wife, three sons, and one daughter. Lewis Latimer, the youngest child, attended grammar school and was an excellent student who loved to read and draw. Most of his time, though, was spent working with his father, which was typical of children in the 19th century. In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that a slave named Dred Scott could not be considered a free man although he had lived in a free state. George Latimer disappeared shortly after the decision became known. Because he had no official papers to prove he was a free man, he possibly feared for his safety and that of his family. With his father gone and his mother struggling to keep the family together, Lewis falsified his age and joined the U. S. Navy in 1864 when he was sixteen years old. When the Civil War ended he was honorably discharged and returned to Boston to seek employment. In 1868 he secured a job as an office boy in the Crosby and Gould patent law firm, a company that specialized in helping inventors protect their patents. By closely observing draftsmen at work and reading books on the subject, Latimer taught himself mechanical drawing. He learned to skillfully use the vital tools of the trade, such as T squares, triangles, compasses, and rulers, and mastered the art of drawing to scale. Since all of the drawings were done by hand and in ink, it was very important that a draftsman not make mistakes. Latimers drawings in this medium are as beautiful as works of art. After several months of studying on his own, he requested and was given an opportunity by the firm to show what he could do. Upon discovering that Latimer was indeed a skilled draftsman, he was promoted from office boy, earning a salary of $3.00 per week, to draftsman at $20.00. In the period immediately following the Civil War, important scientific advances occurred in America. There was an explosion of inventions and new uses of technology, and inventors were securing thousands of patents in growing industries. While working at the Boston firm, Latimer met Alexander Graham Bell who hired him to draw the plans for a new invention, the telephone. Bell was in a race to have his invention patented before anyone else registered a similar device. By working with him late at night, Latimer was able to provide Bell with the blueprints and expertise in submitting applications that allowed him to file his telephone patent on February 14, 1876, just a few hours earlier than that of a rival inventor. They had won the race! In 1880 Latimer began work as a mechanical draftsman for Hiram Maxim, an inventor and founder of the U.S. Electric Lighting Company in Brooklyn, N. .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .postImageUrl , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:hover , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:visited , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:active { border:0!important; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:active , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hurricane Andrew EssayY. In his new job, Latimer was given the opportunity to become familiar with the field of electric incandescent lighting, an area in which there was fierce competition to secure patents. In addition to his work with light bulbs and lamps, he went to U.S. cities and abroad supervising installation and production of Maxim equipment. In 1884 he was invited to work for Maxims arch rival, Thomas Alva Edison, in New York. An expert electrical engineer, Latimers work for Edison was critical for the following reasons: his thorough knowledge of electric lighting and power guided Edison through the process of filing patent forms properly at the U.S. Patent Office, protecting the company from infringements of his inventions; Latimer was also in charge of the company library, collecting information from around the world, translating data in French and German to protect the company from European challenges. He became Edisons patent investigator and expert witness in cases against persons trying to benefit from Edisons inventions without legal permission. Edison encouraged Latimer to write the book, Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description of the Edison System. Published in 1890, it was extremely popular as it explained how an incandescent lamp produces light in an easy-to-understand manner. On February 11, 1918, Latimer became one of the 28 charter members of the Edison Pioneers, the only African-American in this prestigious, highly selective group. After leaving Edisons employ, Latimer worked for a patent consultant firm until 1922 when failing eyesight caused an end to his career. His health began to fail following the death of his beloved wife Mary Wilson Latimer in 1924. To cheer and encourage him to carry on, his children, two daughters, had a book of his poems printed in 1925 in honor of his 77th birthday. The poems are beautifully sensitive, and complement Latimers designation as a Renaissance Man who painted, played the flute, wrote poetry and plays. Active in the Unitarian Church, Latimer found time to teach mechanical engineering, drawing and English to new immigrants at the Henry Street Settlement House. He had remained extremely patriotic, participating as an officer of the famed Civil War Veterans organization, the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). In addition, he supported the civil rights activities of his era. On December 11, 1928, Lewis Howard Latimer died, leaving a remarkable legacy. His name will be forever associated with two of the most revolutionary inventions of all time: the incandescent electric light bulb and the telephone.

Quiz Innovation Essay Example

Quiz Innovation Essay Example Quiz Innovation Essay Quiz Innovation Essay Quiz No 3Version: A Name__________________Student Number______________ 1. The globalization of markets and the importance of innovation are independent of one another. 2. Flexible manufacturing technologies have increased the importance of production economies of scale. 3. Innovation and new technology have led to longer product life cycles as better quality products are being produced. 4. The increased pace of innovation has only had a negligible effect on market segmentation and product obsolescence. 5. Slow innovation results in diminishing margins and product obsolescence. 6. Technological innovation can have a positive impact on our quality of life through improved goods and services. 7. Technology’s effects on society are always positive. 8. Technology in its purest form is not knowledge, but rather faith that things will get better. 9. Firms that charge headlong into new product development usually have short development cycles. 10. Studies have revealed that innovation is a freewheeling process that is unconstrained by rules and plans. 11. Sometimes knowing a field too well can stifle creativity. 12. The organization’s structure, routines, and incentives can thwart individual creativity, but not amplify it. 13. Sometimes paying people for suggestions undermines creativity because it focuses their shift on extrinsic motivation. 14. Though a generalist by nature, inventors are specialists in the field in which they invent. 15. Innovation often originates with those who create solutions for their own needs. 16. The qualities that make people inventive do not necessarily make them entrepreneurial. 17. Manufacturers typically create new product innovations in order to profit from the sale of the innovation to customers. 18. Firms consider their in-house RD to be their least important source of innovation, but still feel it is necessary to possess. 19. The most frequent collaborations are between firms and their customers, suppliers, and local universities. 20. A complementor is a company or individual that produces goods or services that enhance the value of another product. 21. The path a technology follows through time is termed its technology map. 22. Product innovation can enable process innovation. 23. The radicalness of an innovation is absolute. 24. Radical innovation entails changing the overall design of the system or the way that components interact with each other. 25. In order to initiate a component innovation, a firm requires knowledge about the way components link and integrate to form the whole system. 26. A technology’s S-curve of performance improvement is unrelated to its S-curve of diffusion. 27. The S-curve in technological improvement is a plot of performance against effort and money invested in that technology. 8. Until a new technology has established a degree of legitimacy, it may be difficult to attract other researchers to participate in its development. 29. Technologies always get the opportunity to reach their performance limits before being replaced by a new technology. 30. â€Å"Moore’s Law† refers to the rapidly increasing density of transistors on integrated circuits that enabled microprocessor performance to increase dramatically. This increase in density is expected to always continue at the same rate.

Social Media Advocacy How to Develop a Successful Program For Your Brand

Social Media Advocacy How to Develop a Successful Program For Your Brand Social media employee advocacy. It’s a buzzword that has been floating around marketing teams for the past couple of years. While these types programs can be dramatically effective for a plethora of different reasons, including†¦ Brand awareness Sales connections Building company trust teams are still hesitant to adapt them  because†¦ There is risk of posting inappropriate content They are afraid the team won’t want to participate They already have enough work on their plate Whether you’ve started a program with your team and it’s turned into a chaotic mess, or you’re simply not sure how to start, you’ll learn about the resources and tools you need to turn your own employees into your biggest brand advocates. How To Develop A Successful Social Media Advocacy Program That Will Increase Brand AwarenessFirst Things First: Get Your Free Social Media Employee Advocacy Startup Package Before we start, make sure you download our Social Media Employee Advocacy Startup Package. When you download it, you’ll get: An pre-set email template to help you ask your co-workers to join the program A PowerPoint deck to help introduce and train your new employee advocates A brainstorming worksheet that advocates can use to determine their online voice A worksheet that your employees can use to remind themselves of when they need to send social messages That’s right, we did all the work for you. You’re welcome. What Is Social Media Employee Advocacy? A social media employee advocacy program allows you to use your employee’s vast social networks to help promote your company or brand. These employees are called "social employees" or "employee advocates." There are a lot of definitions of social employees, but the definition  that captures it best is from The Social Employee  by Mark and Cheryl Burgess: â€Å"Social Employees can utilize social media tools to act as authentic brand ambassadors in order to cultivate unique relationships with individuals where the end goal isn’t simply a purchase action but a dynamic exchange of ideas.† It’s a long definition, I know. But, the definition above captures both what a social employee is, and their purpose within your organization. It’s also important to note before we continue that when we refer to social media employee advocacy platforms, we’re talking about Twitter and LinkedIn. Let’s continue, shall we? What is social media employee advocacy (and is it right for your brand)?10 Steps To Starting Your Own Employee Advocacy Program Now that you know what an employee advocacy program is we’re going to move on to how to start your own program. The following steps will walk you through how to convince your team to join you, and the process you need to follow in order to get your program off on the right foot. Step 1: Identify Strong Candidates for Your Employee Advocacy Program Whether you’ve started your program and it flopped, or you’re just trying to get your feet off the ground, having the right people on your team is crucial to the initial success of your program. Therefore, check off the following before you  start: Pick a group of 10 people who you think would be good initial adopters of the program Narrow that list down to five Send the introductory email to those five people Depending on the size of your organization, the number of your initial adoptors may vary. We would recommend starting off with five, and growing the program from there. Five may seem like a small number, but there’s a lot of work that goes into setting up this program. Start small, you can always grow. Not to mention, you could run into a too many cooks in the kitchen type of problem. Don’t create that problem for yourself, trust me on this one. Now, I know what you’re thinking. What qualities should I be looking for the initial adopters of my employee advocacy social media program? A potential employee advocate should check off at least three of the following: Eager to learn Social media savvy Passionate about their job Great writing skills Has a wide knowledge base about the company Is already active on LinkedIn, Twitter, or both Is actually excited about the program and the potential it can bring to their department These are just a few of the qualities you will want to look for in your new social media employee advocacy program participants. Remember, you want to narrow it down to the best of the best so your program has a great jumping off point. A quick warning before you start your list. Do not, under any circumstances, force an employee to be a part of your employee advocacy program. No one likes being forced to do anything. It's like forcing a 4 year old to eat anything that's green. It's not gonna happen. If you force your employees to become your brand advocates, your program becomes in-genuine, and your potential consumers will see that coming from a mile away. So how do you approach your employees so that’ll they come and hear you out? Grab your free email template that complements  this post to customize and send to potential employee advocates. Feel free to personalize it to each person you’re sending it too. It may take a bit more time, but the personal touch really helps. Or you could just copy and paste the email from the social media employee advocacy kit. To Do: Make a list ten employees who you believe would be a good fit for your program Narrow the list down to five Send initial introduction email (Grab it from the kit that complements this post) Step 2: Introduce The Employee Advocacy Program To Your Team Why do you need to introduce the program to your employees? Well, first of all, you need to ask them if they want to participate.  Check out that email template from above to help get your started. Secondly, think about their schedule. They’re probably already swamped with a giant list of things to do. Imagine if your boss came to you and said, "Hey, I need you to spend about 3 hours a week tweeting about our company." You’d probably say no. Who wants extra work? No one. Being an employee advocate is not an easy task. It’s one that requires dedication and time. Most importantly, it’s a task that needs to be taken on voluntarily. So how do you convince your employees to take on extra work? Incentivize it. How do you convince your employees to take on extra work? Incentive it.I'm gonna get personal here for a second. When someone puts a competitive twist on things I’m immediately hooked. I have to win. I want to come out on top. Obviously, I'm pretty competitive person. Maybe your employees are the same way, and if so you can capitalize on that. Whether it’s a bonus, fun retreats, or even company swag, having a way for your employees to get rewarded will help them be more open to the possibility of participating in the program. So you've got everyone in the room. Now what? A presentation, maybe? You don't have time to create that. Don’t worry, we did that for you. Download it here. To Do: Download the PowerPoint slide deck from the social media employee advocacy starter kit Brainstorm ways to incentivize your employee advocacy program Get clearance from upper management for those incentives Schedule a meeting with your select five employees to go through presentation Step 3: Determine The Voice Of The Employees Who Will Be Participating In The Program If your employee advocates sound like a corporate robot, that’s what your consumer/customer fan base is going to think of them as. That’s not a good thing. Your employees need to bring their unique voice and perspective in order to breathe fresh life into your content. So how do you do this? Bring your employees to the  table. Schedule a short meeting, 15 minutes maximum to brainstorm and finalize an employee voice. You could even just swing by their desk when they have a minute or two to spare. Remember you want these meetings to be effortless and easy. The less this program interferes with their daily schedule the better. Once you’re in your meeting ask the following two questions and have them record their answers on the one-pager that is in the attached kit. What are five personality traits that make you great at your job? What are five personality traits that are not you? Once they have those written down have them pick their top three. Those become the voice of the employee online. An example is below. For a sales manager (let’s call him Bill), his list could look like: Confident but not arrogant Silly but not unprofessional Informative but not pushy Here's how to help your team develop their social media voice:Still stuck? Let me use myself as an example. I created my professional Twitter profile during my senior year of college because I wanted my potential new employers to know that: I was knowledgeable about social media and knew how to use it. I wanted to stand out among other applicants and find additional ways to showcase my personality. So when it came to creating my voice I had to answer the following three questions: Who am I and what is my personality like? Am I passive in my opinions or unafraid to state them clearly? If a potential employer or professional took thirty seconds to look at my profile what would they think about me? Have your employees try and think along the same mindset. Remember, don’t give them the answers. This is all about them. Have them fill out the worksheet in the kit that complements this blog post, and attach it to a desk, cubicle wall, or wherever they will see it often. This will act as a gentle reminder in case they get stuck on what to post. To Do: Print out voice brainstorming worksheet from kit Schedule a short meeting with participating employees or drop by there desk Brainstorm what their voice will be Finalize voice structure and record on worksheet Step 4: Create A Username  Convention When most companies start their social media employee advocacy program, they’ll usually identify their employees with a naming convention. Usually this means incorporating the company name into the Twitter handle somehow. It is important to note that once you pick a naming convention,  you stick with it. Once you pick a company-wide social media naming convention, stick with it.For example, our friends at Onsharp, a digital marketing and website development company in our home state of North Dakota, has an active social employee program. The handles for each of their employees is @Onsharpname. They cover a wide variety of topics, and are also able to show off their company culture. This not only helps increase their overall credibility,  but if you have a potential employee looking into the company, they have a chance to see genuine interactions that happen within the team. But it’s not just small businesses using username conventions. Discovery  Benefits is making a huge mark on the insurance industry. We recently interviewed their marketing manager,  Abby Boggs-Johnson,  for our Actionable  Marketing Podcast. In it,  Abby mentions how her sales team has started a series of social media employee advocacy profiles that are helping them connect to their customer base. By creating these unique connections between the sales team and their customers, Discovery Benefits is able to showcase genuine interactions which can allow people to build trust  in the company. Like Onsharp, Discovery Benefits has a naming convention @DBIname. It would be easy to say, â€Å"Well, these are smaller companies.†Ã‚  What about big Fortune 500s? Have they tried a social media employee advocacy program? Actually, some Fortune 500s were a few of the earliest adopters. One of them was Adobe. Adobe’s program still exists but unlike Discovery Benefits and Onsharp, Adobe doesn’t have a naming convention. Most of their employees have the @Adobe programming they work for listed in their handle. Why would Adobe forgo a naming convention? The company is huge,  and because there are so many different official Adobe product accounts, it would be impossible to keep one single convention among  all the different products. So if you’re a smaller company with one main Twitter account,  you should have a naming convention.  But if you’re marketing for a major corporation with multiple official Twitter accounts,  use your bio to identify which major company profile you are associated with. But Breonna, how do I create my naming convention? Don’t worry, I have you covered. Here's how to create a naming convention for your social media employee advocacy program:Below is a list of ten naming conventions. Pick one that you think will work best for your company. Some names will be too long. Remember, Twitter has a character limit for it’s usernames, so don’t be afraid if you have to use initials or abbreviations. @CompanyName @Company_Name @CompanyAcroynmName @CompanyInitialsName @Name_CompanyName @NameCompanyName @NameAtCompany @NameFromCompany @NameFrom_Company Company handle in bio To Do: Go through naming convention list Choose a convention and make sure it fits under Twitter’s 15 character handles Step 5: Create Consistent  Profile and Cover Photo Images One of the great ways that you can help distinguish your social media employee advocates is to have a matching profile style image and cover photo. Not only does this help distinguish your actual social employees online, it gives it a nice, clean, polished and professional look to your social accounts. Profile images should be: Headshot style- shoulders and above Contain the same background Any editing style applied to the headshot photo should be the same throughout Here are a couple examples from our team. This is Chris St. Amant, UI/UX Desginer: And Tyler Brazier, Software Engineer: Like the profile images, cover photos should be: Clean and informative Inviting The same throughout all profiles They should look like this: Or this: Everything is clean and consistent. Just the way we like it. It’s important to note that once the standard is set for the profiles, it needs to be followed throughout every single one of them. Why is this consistency  important? It helps users and your customers find your profiles. It also acts as a minor defense system against people who may try to impersonate the account. Once you’ve got your headshots and cover images created,  you can move on to account set up. To Do: Meet with graphic designer and document headshot and cover photo requirements Schedule time for employees to have headshots taken Review headshots and cover photos for final approval Step 6: Set Up Your Social Accounts Now that you’ve got your team on board and their voice has been determined, you’re ready for the fun part. Setting up your profiles. Whether your team is working with Twitter, LinkedIn or both, how you set up the accounts is incredibly important. For some people, this will be the first interaction they ever have with one of your employees. You want your bios to be short and sweet, as well as original. Everyone talks about how they love coffee and traveling. Challenge your employee advocates to think outside the box with another brainstorm session. Have them write down or think about the following: What does their online voice sound like? How can their bio reflect that? They may love coffee and traveling but what is something unique about them? What position do they hold within the company? Do they have a hobby, favorite book series etc, that they will sometimes tweet about? Have them think about some of these questions so they can incorporate them to make a unique bio for their profiles. For example, my professional Twitter bio looks like this: In it, I talk about my field of experience, my passion for theatre, my current position, my alma mater and for good measure I throw in a bit about my Harry Potter obsession. This simple bio does a few things: It establishes my area of expertise and the repertoire I tweet about. It adds personality. Not only do you know that I’m a Content Writer for , you also know that I love theatre and Harry Potter, among other things. This can help establish a connection to a potential client or customer. It makes me approachable. You know,  without a doubt, there is a real human behind that profile. This can make approaching me with a question about our product easier than approaching a company account. Some of you may have noticed there’s something missing in my bio. Can you see it yet? I don’t have a disclaimer in my online bio. Many people will tell you that your professional social accounts need a disclaimer that runs something along the lines of: Opinions are my own Retweet does not = endorsement Many people will add these disclaimers to their social bios in order to protect themselves and the company they work for. It seemed like a simple solution that would protect the employee in case they tweeted something that their employer disagreed with. It’s also thought that adding this disclaimer would protect the employer from public backlash if an employee tweeted something inappropriate. I’m sorry to say that these phrases will rarely protect either the employee or their employer  from backlash if something inappropriate is posted on social media. What can protect me, you might be thinking to yourself? Honestly, nothing but solid common sense. And on that happy note, we’ll continue into step 7. To Do: Brainstorm traits for your employee bios Edit and finalize bios. Add to social profile Step 7: Determine Your Posting Rules If I had to tell you to take away one vitally important piece of information away from this blog  post,  it would be that if you decide to develop your own social media employee advocacy program, determine your posting rules before you start. It may seem like a nonsense task. Why would I have the team take time to write everything down? Because, while great, social media can turn on you within seconds if you or a team member sends the wrong tweet  or message. It doesn’t take much to remember some of the biggest blunders that a company has made on social media. United, Cracker Barrel,  or Pepsi  ringing a bell at all? The internet can be a merciless place, and will never forget anything you posted. Yes, even if you delete it. Social media can turn on you in seconds if you send the wrong tweet or message.Having established rules in place can help you avoid those costly mishaps and give you the peace of mind that content being sent by your team is appropriate, timely and most importantly, connects with your customer base in ways your normal advertising won’t. With that in mind here is an example list of posting do’s that your team can start with and expand on: Post about company milestones Post/Retweet great reviews from other customers Have a blog? Have your employees tweet links back to new content Hosting an event? Have your advocates help promote it? The same goes when you’re attending an event or conference. Make your presence known by tweeting about it If you have fun office traditions, like our #BratwurstBlowout, tweet about it to show off your culture Hiring? Having your advocates post about new positions is a great way to help recruit people to your team Launching a new product or have some big news coming out? Extend the reach of your launch by having employees tweet to If your company is industry specific, have employees share new news or industry trends This is just a starting list. As your program continues to grow, your list will change and grow as your employees find their niche.