Emotions and Logic in Consumerism - 3076 Words

Emotions and Logic in Consumerism Abstract Consumer purchase decisions are often linked to emotions and can lead to impulse and uninformed buying behavior. This creates a problem for marketers who rely on emotional appeals to increase sales. In order for businesses to grow in today’s economy, they must acquire new customers and at the same time retain the old ones. Research indicates that in order for advertising to be most effective in acquiring and retaining new customers, these emotions must also be linked to logic. This paper examines how marketers are using emotions and logic to generate the most sales and retain more customers. Emotions and Logic in Consumerism Advertising can be seen in virtually every aspect of our†¦show more content†¦The other part of the equation is logic, or reason and sound judgment. Researchers have found that logic is the key in retaining customers. In this paper, we will discuss how emotions and logic are used together to increase sales and retain customers. Role of Emotions in Consumerism Emotions come from a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. Diverse areas of the brain control emotions, and different emotions are found in different locations. Fear conditioning has been detected to be in the amygdala (LeDoux, 2000), whereas disgust, or remorse, has been linked to the insular cortex (Sanfey et al. 2003). Activity in the striatum often denotes reward (Knutson 2003). These emotions are in many parts of the brain, yet they all influence our purchasing decisions. Marketers must understand where these emotions come from and how they work in order to sell most effectively. Frequently, the reason we actually make purchases, especially on smaller ticket items, is because our emotions tell us to (DiClemente amp; Hantula, 2003). On smaller ticket items, such as clothing or what food to eat, this can be dictated based purely off emotions because there is often littl e worry as to the consequences of their purchase. Emotions work especially well in advertisements when there is not much difference across multiple products and its offerings (d’Astous amp; Legendre,Show MoreRelatedrhetorical analysis Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Uses of a Liberal Education: As Lite Entertainment for Bored College Students,† Mark Edmundson utilizes ethos, pathos, and logos to effectively deliver his argument that the current educational system, especially in college, revolves around consumerism which in turn has negatively impacted students, teachers, and universities in general. However, although Edmundson presents an overall logically sound argument, there are few instances throughout the article that may hinder the reliability of hisRead MoreThe Problem Of Extreme Consumerism926 Words   |  4 Pagesextreme amount of consumerism, but why exactly? What are the possible causes of extreme consumerism? Some of the few possible causes contributing to mass consumerism would include: the want for consumption, the need for consumption, and possibly even hoarders. Although many of the possible causes listed above tie together, it’s quite interesting exploring these causes of extreme consumerism and being able to shine a small light on the subject. As mentioned, extreme consumerism is what makes theRead MoreGovernment Censorship and Control in Brave New World1747 Words   |  7 PagesWorld State’s citizens gradually transition from a society similar to modern civilizations, in the respect to morals, to arguably an exact opposite civilization. This change is accredited to the World State utilizing moral conditioning, eugenics, consumerism, and a new form of religion called â€Å"Fordism† to protect the citizens from chaos of war. Barr raises a question that applies directly to Huxley’s theme when he states, â€Å" ..to what lengths is society willing to go to ensure safety and stability?†Read MoreThe Ethics Of Animal Ethics Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagesremain at the core of ethics, and as such, organisms capable of experiencing these positive or negative feelings must remain, as humans do, in any ethical debate. Unfortunately, this logic and empathy seems to be lost when discussing animals due to a natural tendency for dissimilarity and distance to suppress emotion. For example, if one were to see an injustice (i.e. an unnecessary infliction of pain) immediately before oneself, such as domestic violence, a natural inclination would be to stopRead MoreThe Scientific Method Of Science1596 Words   |  7 Pagestruly value.† but how do we determine what even is knowledge and how do we place value on something if there can be different perspective. Nevertheless, I somewhat agree with this statement because our measure of value is determined by our emotions more than logic or reasoning and the difficulty of acquiring that knowledge whether it’s self-knowledge or shared knowledge becomes more meaningful even in failure because it shows us what doesn’t work. However, knowledge doesn’t have to be acquired withRead MoreHow to Go Broke1688 Words   |  7 Pagesfestered into a near-irrational spender. Combined with the presumed delusions of grandeur instilled within every money dependent being, one’s illogical fund management should produce poorly thought through and totally unreasoned out business plans. Logic and better judgment that shoul d dawn on a person after a few days of the first occurrence of the insane business idea should be shelved for other situations. Ideas like creating exotic pet shops selling poisonous snails and scorpions, making edibleRead MoreHorror : Horror And Horror Film Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesMerriam Webster defines â€Å"horror† as â€Å"painful and intense fear, dread, or dismay.† A popular definition of horror film argues that horror is subjective-anything that evokes the emotion of horror in an individual is a horror film to that individual. (Horror Writers Association) This definition is far too dependent on the audience for its categorization. Although, the emotional argument being made in films is an essential factor when defining a genre, it cannot be the only device considered for definingRead MoreMy Religious Beliefs1133 Words   |  4 Pagesthinking about one thing or another. I like to solve problems, and explore every avenue of possibility when making decisi ons. Every decision of significance I make has been carefully weighed up, and considered objectively. Reasoned. No impulses, and no emotions. Some of these decisions take seconds, others take months. Some I have yet to solve. Religion has always flummoxed me, I’m a scientist at heart, but I want to believe in a force greater than humanity. I am, currently, an atheist. I believe that TheRead MoreComparative Studies of Bladerunner and Frankenstein1157 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology and its impact on humanity. Similar concerns are also present in Ridley Scott’s â€Å"Bladerunner†, a futuristic text which combines science fiction and film noir to present a bleak view of a future world overrun by technology and consumerism, but devoid of human emotion. Both these texts offer insights into the human experience namely between man and science and man and nature. In both these texts, the main concerns of their time was that the nature and effect on scientific research when divorcedRead MoreThe Coming Anarchy, by Robert D. Kaplan1218 Words   |  5 Pagesman made decision to its fundamental state it is based off of emotion not logic, as we do not have the capacity to remain unattached from our decisions. Therefore physical aggression is an outcome of an emotional decision, an action not a state of being in of it self. To say that when people reach a certain state this trait is tranquilized, is a utopian characteristic that does not exist. People become more adapt to control their emotions what we would call the qualities of wisdom, which is why mostly

Chemistry Free Essays

Mixture separation Lab I am one of the chemists assigned to design a cost effective procedure for handling the separation and recovery and hazardous waste disposal. The difficulties were trying to figure out Is how we can effectively separate Carbons, sand, and naphthalene? The hypothesis we chose to solve this problem was If we put the mixture into water, alcohol, and mineral spirit, then in each solution one or more substance will not dissolve, will be visible, and also able to separate. According to our data our hypothesis supported the experiment because and sand are lobule in water while naphthalene is not. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The CARBONS, and sand will dissolve in the liquid solvent and the naphthalene will remain in the solid phase. In the other substances methanol and mineral spirit were not soluble in both Carbons and sand. Also in naphthalene mineral spirit was not soluble. To accomplish this experiment we did the following as to have a successful hypothesis. First use three separate ml test tube, and added ml of each substance Including water, methanol, and mineral split. If the Carbons Is something that Is water soluble, then water can be added to the mixture and then It can be altered as the sand is insoluble and will be left behind. Also add 0. 20 grams of each mixture including Carbons, naphthalene, and sand to each test tube. Try to stir or shake the substance to dissolve. If that didn’t work to dissolve the mixture we made a filter paper and placed it in a funnel then try to filter it by pouring the sample in. After that this leads us on to the third option of separation which is evaporation. At last we placed our sample test in an Erlenmeyer flask and then placed it on a hot surface with melting point 8. 2 0 c, waited to evaporate then recorded our data. After each test, try to observe If the sample was soluble In any of the substance. My data definitely supported my hypothesis because In that experience we found out In the lab that H2O was not soluble In naphthalene, and sand. Methanol was not soluble in Carbons, and sand. Also mineral spirit was not soluble in all the substances. Some errors that might have affected my experiment was the evaporation state I think we left it a little bit too long or took it our earlier for the solution. In the filtering stage we might have spilled some of the sample result so hat’s why we maybe got different result. How to cite Chemistry, Papers Chemistry Free Essays Name: Date: Score: /72 INTRODUCTION TO ISOMERISM AND ALKENES EXERCISES 1. Draw the one constitutional isomer that is missing from column 1 of Model 1. (2 points) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Draw ten skeletal representations constitutional isomers missing from column 2 in Model 1 as you can. (Hint: Other than cyclohexane, there are 11 ways to draw a six-carbon backbone that contains a ring. Plus there are isomers of cyclohexane that do not contain a ring. ) (10 points) 3. Are any constitutional isomers missing from Column 3 in Model 1? A good way to answer this and similar questions is to start by drawing all possible carbon backbones. Then figure out how many different ways you can add the Br atom, or double bond. (3 points) 4. Draw as many constitutional isomers as you can with the formula C5H11F. (8 points) 5. Draw the structure of a six-carbon alkene (containing only C and H) with one ring and one double bond. (10 points) a. Draw a constitutional isomer of the structure you drew above with no rings. b. Explain the following statement found in many text books: â€Å"In terms of molecular formula, a ring is equivalent to a double bond. 6. Draw a skeletal representation of Z-2-hexene and E-2-hexene. (4 points) 7. Draw 1-butene. Why does it not make sense to specify either Z or E 1-butene while you must specify Z or E 2-butene to draw the correct molecule? (3 points) 8. Label each double bond E (trans), Z (cis), or neither. (It may help to draw in critical H’s. ) (4 points) 9. Label each double bond Z, E, o r neither. (11 points) a. For each structure draw one constitutional isomer and all possible configurational stereoisomers. b. A â€Å"terminal† double bond is a double bond found at the end of a carbon chain (e. . , VIII and X). What generalization can you make about all â€Å"terminal† double bonds in terms of Z/E (or neither)? c. What is the relationship between Compounds III and IV above? 10. Name this molecule, draw and name its configurational stereoisomer, and construct an explanation for why naming this molecule using cis or trans (instead of E or Z) could lead to ambiguity. (4 points) 11. Draw another example of an alkene that cannot be named using the cis/trans nomenclature. (Such a molecule is not cis, trans or neither, but instead requires the E/Z nomenclature. (4 points) a. Draw the configurational stereoisomer of the molecule you drew above. (If it has no configurational stereoisomer, your original structure is not correct. ) b. Describe the characteristi cs of a molecule that falls outside the cis, trans or neither naming scheme and requires the E/Z naming scheme. 12. Double bonds do not rotate freely under normal conditions. The change from Z to E requires a reaction. This can occur in the presence of a catalyst or with the addition of a large amount of energy (e. g. , at high temperature). 4 points) One such reaction is diagramed below: (1) Add enough potential energy to break the double bond (Eact), (2) free rotation occurs at high energy transition state, then (3) reforming the double bond as a mixture of Z and E. Draw E-2-butene in one box and Z-2-butene in the other box, and explain your reasoning for the positioning of each compound. 13. Make up an example (not appearing in the previous activities) of a pair of molecules that are a) constitutional isomers, b) conformers, c) configurational stereoisomers. (6 points) How to cite Chemistry, Essay examples Chemistry Free Essays

Comparison and contrast paper free essay sample

Contrast Recently while watching two old film classics, Vertigo and Notorious, I found myself thinking of other movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Most of his movies have many things in common, while remaining completely independent of each other. These two films have different plots, actors, and most obvious one is filmed in color the other black and white. Which leads me to believe that Alfred Hitchcock really knew what he was about; as a result his films all a have a distinctive theme about them. Both films eep you in a state of anticipation as the stories unfold and reveal the twist and turns that Alfred Hitchcock was famous for. Notorious was written in 1946 a year after World War II came to an end and the red-scare was sweeping the nation, yet Vertigo was written twelve years later in a completely different climate. Meaning the McCarthy era had come to an end and the United States was a different country then. Taking that into consideration its interesting the parallelisms these two films have. Each movie has a theme or a genre we could place them in, Notorious is a spy thriller imilar to a James Bond film, and Vertigo is a mystery thriller with a twist like The Sixth Sense. In Vertigo you dont see whats coming in the end, you are taken by surprise and the same can be said for Notorious. There isnt much dialogue in either film; instead the music and camera angles guide the movies to create the plot. Vertigo is shot in color and not Just plain colors, the colors are enhanced to be bold, and to stand out so that you notice them and the people surrounded by them. Alfred Hitchcock uses color to make a point, to show fear, tension, anxiety and love. In this ovie the color of Madelines green dress in the restaurant scene stands out against the red of the walls. It is what I noticed first. In Notorious he uses black and white; the shadows create a sinister effect surrounding the theme of the movie, which is communism, good guy/bad guy. The white of Alicia Hubermans dress as she attends a dinner at Alexs house is in stark contrast to the black of the tuxedos, the car and the dark of night. The cinematography of each film was thought out and tells us the story. So dialogue was not really needed, you could read the movies by listening to he music and watching the shifting patterns of light and shadow. Alfred Hitchcock was famous for using point-of-view shot, it is most noticeable in Notorious where Alicia in lying in bed after a night of drinking and the camera follows her upside down, so you feel a little unbalanced yourself while the scene is taking place. During the movie Vertigo the way the camera angles, scenes, point-of-view shots and the story itself creates the effect of the viewer having vertigo themselves. The music tells the story in Vertigo, you know when something new happens or is about to, it was ell timed and must have taken awhile to get it right, timing must have been everything. In Notorious the camera tells the story, the anticipation, you can feel the anxiety mount in the scene where Alicia and Alex have a party, they invite T. R. Devlin (played by Cary Grant) to attend. Before the party Alicia steals the key to the wine cellar where the secret the Germans are hiding is purported to be. The scene where she is holding the key clutched in her hand, the camera zooms in, you can almost see anxiety building in her heightens her awareness of that key. The camera zooms otally into her hand, its an amazing scene. I had to fast-forward my dvd through most of this because I couldnt handle the anticipation. Alicia is aware of the butler needing more champagne so he will need to get the key from Alex to enter the cellar, all the while knowing that she has it and cant return it until her and Devlin have had a chance to inspect the cellar. It is a most brilliant display of cinematography, the camera going back and forth between her hand and the champagne on ice. There are numerous scenes where the music and camera angles tell the story of what is appening or about to take place, and if you didnt know that these were both directed by Alfred Hitchcock, if you anything about him at all you could fgure out. Even though these two were directed with much time in-between them his style never really altered. Maybe this is the reason they are a good comparison for his work. Notorious and Vertigo, two different movies with two very similar themes. Music and camera shots. Each film has big name stars for that era, Cary Grant plays the debonair, charming T. R. Devlin, who is and agent for the U. S. , and he talks Alicia into taking on the position of an agent herself. She ends up falling in love with Devlin and looks to him to help her make her decisions, in essence leaning against him for support; likewise Kim Novak looks to Jimmy Stewarts character Johnnie Scottie Ferguson for support . Each of the female characters is portrayed as women with loose morals and seeming to have little or no self-respect or confidence. This is how Alfred Hitchcock portrayed many of his leading ladies, leading me to believe he was a masochist. Which strikes me as interesting because during this period of time women were viewed as pure, innocent, the homemakers? So why is it that he portrayed these women as tramps that could be bought? So while these two women are alone and independent they were still treated as property. Another interesting fact is that each character is playing someone other than who they are. Alicia Huber man goes undercover in Notorious for the sake and good of her country, she even marries a man she despises to fulfill that duty. Madeline/Judy acts out as Madeline through most of the movie until she commits suicide then she resumes being Judy(her true-self), until Johnnie finds her and makes her turn into Madeline , ecause he was so taken with Madeline. In most of Hitchcocks movies the female role is always playing another role inside of her role. Being someone else, probably for the sake of a man. Manipulation is a motif in these two films, a man using a woman to further his own wants and needs. Of course each lady has a choice to be made , but back in this time most women did what men told them. Now our leading ladies kick butt Just as much as the men take Angelina Jolies character in Tomb Raider, or a spy thriller Mr. and Mrs. Smith, the leading ladies today are nothing like the two adies in these movies. I wonder what Alfred Hitchcock would think of the modern film world?

Rose For Emily Essays - Fiction, Narratology, Point Of View, Style

Rose For Emily Thesis: As any reader can see, "A Rose for Emily" is one of the most authentic short stories by Faulkner. His use of characterization, narration, foreshadowing, and symbolism are four key factors to why Faulkner's work is idealistic to all readers. Introduction Short biographical description. William Faulkner "A Rose for Emily" Characterization Emily as the protagonist. The townspeople. Comparison to Mrs. Havisham. Narration Narrator as an observer. Effects on story. Effects on reader. Point of View. Importance of narrator. Foreshadowing Homer Barron. Mood. Effects of foreshadowing in story. Symbolism Emily. "Rose" in title. Other characters in story. Conclusion The works of William Faulkner have had positive effects on readers throughout his career. Local legends and gossip trigger the main focus of his stories. Considering that Faulkner grew up in Mississippi, he was very familiar with the ways of the South. This award winning author has been praised by many critics for his ability and unique style of writing. One of Faulkner's most popular works, which also was his first short story nationally published in 1930, "A Rose for Emily" is one of the most authentic short stories by Faulkner (Pierce 849). By writing about the political and social ways of the South, Faulkner was able to create an illusion of the New south as being what we know today as mainstream America. His use of characterization, narration, foreshadowing, and symbolism are four key factors to why Faulkner's work is idealistic to all readers. The use of characterization in "A Rose for Emily" is clearly important to the story. It is obvious to all readers that Miss Emily Grierson is the protagonist, or the principal character. According to a prominent critic, Elizabeth Sabiston, Emily is a gothic character (142). Sabiston is referring to Emily that way because of the fact that she slept with the skeleton of her lover for forty years. Miss Emily added a mystical tone the mood of the story due to her incapability of being able to live in reality (Watson 180). She was awfully stubborn to the townspeople. This stubbornness also ties in with Emily's ability to live in reality. After she refuses to Nichols 2 pay her taxes, directly to the mayor, she tells them to go and see Colonel Satoris, who has been dead for ten years. This portrays that Emily's illusion of reality was greatly distorted (Brooks and Warren 158). Arthur Voss, a notable critic compares Miss Emily Grierson to the outstanding Mrs. Havisham of the famous story by Dickens, "Great Expectations." Both are motivated by their lovers, isolate themselves in old decaying houses, and refuse to recognize that time has passed. Both characters are proud, disdainful, and independent (Voss 249). This comparison shows the importance of characterization. Without these characters, the story would be radically changed. By understanding Emily, the reader may get a clearer view of the actions that go on during the story (West 149). Several other characters in "A Rose for Emily" are set in opposition to Emily. Faulkner's use of characterization proves to be positive way to exemplify the readers' feelings about certain characters and the tribulations they experience. Another prime example of Faulkner's effective writing is his use of narration. Of course, in most stories the narrator is a key asset. In " A Rose for Emily" Faulkner uses the narrator not only as a story teller, but as an observer from the crowd as well. The narrator's point of view, which is third person, had a positive effect on the way a reader views the story (Lee 47). Through out the story the narrator uses "we" instead of "I", revealing to us the way the townspeople judge Emily. The narrator thinks back in time throughout the story remembering particular events that occurred in past time. Nichols 3 This is important to the reader in that it helps aid the understanding of how the townspeople viewed Emily. The narrator also reveals to the reader that there was once a very distorted view of ideas in the Old South. After revealing these views, he confronts the fact that most of these views were terribly wrong (Watson 180). If the story had been narrated by anyone else, it may not have been as easy for the reader to completely understand. With this spectator as the narrator, describing the events of the story through his eyes, one can detect a general impression of Emily (Madden 1987). The view of the narrator is beneficial in understanding the things that Emily goes through. Also, towards the end of the story

How to Write a Personal Statement for Graduate School

How to Write a Personal Statement for Graduate School A personal statement for graduate school is an opportunity to showcase  what you will bring to the graduate program and to explain how the program  fits into your larger career goals. Some programs will ask you to write a single essay covering both your personal background and what you wish to study in graduate school. Others, however, will require both a personal statement and a statement of purpose.  The  personal statement should focus on you and your background, while the  statement of purpose should focus on your research or what you plan to study in graduate school. Follow these strategies to craft a stellar personal statement that will stand out in admissions offices.   Key Takeaways The personal statement provides an opportunity for you to share information about yourself and your academic interests to graduate admissions committees.The personal statement should discuss your academic background as well as relevant work and research experiences.When talking about your previous experience, be sure to highlight the skills that you learned and how your past experiences have led you to be interested in graduate study.Your first draft of your personal statement doesn’t need to be perfect. Give yourself time to revise and proofread your essay, and be sure to seek feedback on your draft from others. Structuring a Personal Statement Your personal statement should include an introduction and a summary of your previous experience (including your coursework, research experience, and relevant work experience). Additionally, if you’re not covering these topics in a separate statement of purpose, you should also discuss why you want to go to graduate school, what you wish to study as a graduate student, and why this particular graduate program is right for you. Starting Your Essay Personal statements can begin in a few different ways. Some students start their essay by discussing their personal background or sharing a compelling anecdote that explains why they are interested in graduate school. Other students simply begin their essay by talking plainly about their academic experiences and interest in graduate school. There’s no â€Å"one size fits all† answer here, so feel free to choose the introduction that works best for your essay. Sometimes, the introduction of a personal statement is the toughest part to write. If you’re experiencing writer’s block, remember that you  don’t  have to start with the introduction.  By the time you’ve finished writing the rest of the essay, you may have a much better idea of the type of introduction your essay needs. Summarizing Your Previous Experience In your personal statement, you’ll want to talk about your previous academic experience and how it has prepared you for graduate school. You can talk about courses you’ve enjoyed (especially any advanced coursework), research projects you may have worked on, or internships and work experience that are relevant for graduate school. When describing  your previous experience, be sure to not just write about what you did but also what you learned and how the experience contributed to your interest in graduate school. For example, if you gained research experience by assisting a graduate student with their research project, don’t just describe what the project was about. Instead, be as specific as possible about skills you picked up (for example, gaining experience using lab techniques or a particular academic database). Additionally, write about how your past experiences sparked your curiosity and helped you decide that graduate school is the right choice for you. Remember that you can also talk about non-academic experiences such as volunteer work or part-time jobs. When you mention these experiences, highlight how they show transferable skills (i.e. skills that will also be valuable in your graduate program, such as communication skills or interpersonal skills). For example, if you supervised a group of students as a camp counselor, you might talk about how this experience helped you develop leadership skills. If you had a part-time job while in college, you might talk about challenges you resolved at work and how they demonstrate your problem-solving ability. If you faced significant obstacles  while in college, your personal statement can also be a place to discuss the experience (if you feel comfortable doing so) and its influence on you. Writing About Why You Want to Attend Graduate School In your personal statement, you should also talk about your future goals: what you want to study in graduate school, and how this ties into your larger goals for your future career. Graduate school is a big commitment, so professors will want to see that you have thought through your decision carefully and that graduate education is truly necessary for the career you want to pursue. When talking about why you want to go to graduate school, it’s good to be as specific as possible about why the school you’re applying to would be a good match for your career goals. If you’re applying to a program that involves a significant amount of research (such as PhD programs and some Master’s programs), it’s important to talk about the research topics you’re most interested in studying while in graduate school. For programs involving research, it’s also a good idea to read the department’s website to learn about faculty members’ research topics and then customize your personal statement accordingly for each school. In your personal statement, you can mention several professors you might want to work with and explain how their research matches up with what you’d like to study. Mistakes To Avoid Not proofreading. In graduate school, writing will be a big component of your academic career, especially if your program involves writing a Master’s thesis or doctoral dissertation. Taking the time to proofread shows professors that they can be confident in your writing ability.  Sharing overly personal information. While sharing a personal anecdote can help to  illustrate your interest in graduate school, disclosing information that is too personal can backfire. In a survey of psychology graduate admissions committee chairs, some professors pointed out that sharing overly personal information can make applicants look unprofessional. And as Harvard’s Office of Career Services points out, interviewers  may ask you follow-up questions about your personal statement in interviews. So if it’s not something you’d feel comfortable sharing in a face-to-face setting, it’s best left out of your personal statement.Writing too much. Keep your essay brief : if the essay prompt doesn’t give a specific word/page limit, 1-2 pages is generally a good length. (However, if the program you’re applying to specifies a different length, be sure to follow their instructions.) Vague language.  Be  as specific as possible about why you want to pursue graduate school and which topics you want to study. As UC Berkeley’s Career Center explains, you should avoid using words like â€Å"interesting† or â€Å"enjoyable† unless you elaborate on them further. For example, don’t just say that you find a topic interesting- share a compelling research finding you learned about or explain why you’d like to contribute to knowledge in this area as a graduate student.Not asking for help. You don’t need to write a perfect essay on the first draft. Seek out trusted mentors, such as professors and graduate students, and ask for feedback on your essay draft. You can also seek out on-campus resource centers at your college for additional personal statement feedback and support. What A Successful Personal Statement Looks Like Some of the most compelling admissions essays are ones in which students are able to draw a clear connection between their past experiences (coursework, jobs, or life experiences) and their motivation for attending graduate school. If you can show readers that youre both well-qualified and passionate about your proposed course of study, you’re far more likely to capture the attention of admissions committees. If you’re looking for inspiration, read  sample graduate admissions essays. In one  sample essay, the writer talks about the shift in her academic interests- while she initially studied chemistry, she is now planning to go to law school. This essay is successful because the writer clearly explains why she is interested in switching fields and demonstrates her passion for studying law. In addition, the writer highlights transferable skills that will be relevant to the legal profession (such as explaining how working as a resident assistant in her college dorm helped her to develop interpersonal skills and gain experience resolving conflicts). This provides an important take-home lesson for writing a personal statement: you can talk about past experience that isn’t directly related to academics, as long as you explain how this experience has helped to prepare you for graduate study. Writing a personal statement for graduate school can seem like a daunting task, but it doesn’t have to be. By demonstrating your qualifications and enthusiasm and seeking feedback on drafts from professors and other on-campus resources, you can write a strong personal statement that shows who you are and why you’re a good candidate for graduate school. Sources and Further Reading â€Å"4 Sample Graduate School Essays.† CSU Channel Islands: Career Leadership Development. https://www.csuci.edu/careerdevelopment/services/sample-graduate-school-admissions-essays.pdfAppleby, Drew C., and Karen M. Appleby. â€Å"Kisses of Death in the Graduate School Application Process.† Teaching of Psychology 33.1 (2006): 19-24 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246609798_Kisses_of_Death_in_the_Graduate_School_Application_Processâ€Å"Applying to Graduate School.† Undergraduate Resource Series, Harvard University: Office of Career Services (2017). https://ocs.fas.harvard.edu/files/ocs/files/applying_to_grad_school_0.pdfBrown, Joseph L. â€Å"‘Tell Them Who You Are and Why You’ve Applied’: Personal Statements.† Stanford University: Office of Multicultural Affairs. https://oma.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Personal_Statements.v6_0.pdfâ€Å"Graduate School – Statement.† UC Berkeley: Career Center. https://career .berkeley.edu/Grad/GradStatementâ€Å"Personal Statement.† Harvard University: Office of Career Services. https://ocs.fas.harvard.edu/personal-statement â€Å"What’s a Good Statement of Purpose?† Stanford University: Graduate School of Education. https://ed.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Statement-of-Purpose.pdfâ€Å"Writing the Personal Statement.† UC Berkeley: Graduate Division. http://grad.berkeley.edu/admissions/apply/personal-statement/â€Å"Writing Your Graduate School Application Essay.† Carnegie Mellon University: Global Communication Center. https://www.cmu.edu/gcc/handouts-and-resources/grad-app-sop

How to Write a Proposal

How to Write a Proposal How to Write a Proposal How to Write a Proposal By Mark Nichol Writing a proposal is similar to but not exactly the same as crafting a persuasive essay or producing a report. Here are suggestions for developing a proposal, including some pertinent to its specific purpose. 1. A proposal should define a problem and describe a solution that will persuade busy, thrifty, skeptical readers to support it. 2. Employ facts, not opinions, to bolster the argument for approval. Research similar plans or projects and cite them, emphasizing their successes and/or how your proposal resolves the weaknesses, omissions, or mistaken priorities apparent in them. 3. Analyze your plan or project, demonstrating possible outcomes. If possible, model a small-scale version of the plan or project, report on the results, and extrapolate how the full-scale plan or project will turn out based on the test. 4. Any discussion of financial or other resources should be conducted carefully and should present a realistic picture of the expense required. 5. Be meticulous in writing, editing, and design of the proposal. Revise as necessary to make it clear and concise, ask others to critique and edit it, and make sure the presentation is attractive and engaging as well as well organized and helpful. A proposal should include the following elements: Executive Summary: State the rationale for putting the proposal into effect, and summarize the proposal. (This allows a decision maker to quickly get the gist of the proposal, hence the name.) Statement of Need: Detail why the plan or project the proposal recommends is necessary. Project Description: Explain specifics of the plan or project, and how it will go into effect and how it will be evaluated. Budget Analysis: Provide and explain how the plan or project will be financed and categorize and annotate operating expenses. Organization Details: If the proposal is being submitted to an outside party, provide information about the beneficiary organization, including its mission, its stakeholders and who its serves, and the scope of its programs and services. Conclusion: Summarize the proposal’s main points. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquireUsing the Active Voice to Strengthen Your WritingHonorary vs. Honourary

Entomology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Entomology - Essay Example It is because of this collective effort that they are able to organize and build structures. In cases, altruism has been observed in the biological world. Altruism is where an organism or person puts its own safety in jeopardy in benefit of its kin or social organization (Okasha, 2009).. In the animal kingdom, prairie dogs will often watch and sound an alarm when a predator approaches. This gives away it’s position, but allows all the others to get to safety (McGinley, & Caley, 2007). In terms of insects, bees will fight to defend their comb from predators, which usually results in the death of the bee. Humans display these altruistic traits daily (Okasha, 2009). I believe that there are certain lines that can be drawn for me personally when considering the traits associated with altruism. In terms of my family, I would do anything. The social support and relationships have been in place since birth. One could argue that on some unconscious biological level that I would be fig hting to preserve the integrity of my personal gene pool. As we move up from family to community and then the state, the level of necessary altruism lessens due to the fact that the responsibility becomes less personal and this responsibility of altruism spreads equally among all members, not only being my responsibility. The reason that the line is drawn is that â€Å"blood is thicker than water†. The ties of family are almost impossible to break, therefore the altruistic behavior, which would be displayed would be for familial relationships versus societal relationships. Like what was said before, the aspect of self-sacrifice is a rare event that occurs on a daily basis in human culture. The same can be said for the animal world. Often, the concept of sacrificing oneself for the collective comes as a result of a protection toward the others. The example, being cited above, is bees that protect their kin, food, and future offspring from predators. Predators that attack the c omb threaten not only personal kin, but also the entire society. Knowing that they will die, they still fight off predators to protect everything for the good of the community. In humans, for me in particular, I would consider self-sacrifice to be a last time alternative. I feel like this would apply to situations that would literally be a life and death issue regarding my family. If it meant that I would have to sacrifice my life so that a family member could continue on, I would. In the case of the community, it would have to be such a threat that I would know that the destruction of our community would be imminent. Altruism can serve as a beneficial trait in regards to a society both in the animal world as well as in the insect communities. Depending on the respective behaviors of both communities, each would act in a way that was typical of the community. In the case of the natural world, organisms are more altruistic than humans are; yet they lack all the cognitions and social structures that as humans we have in place. References McGinley, M, & Caley, K. (2007). Altruistic Behaviors. The encyclopedia of earth. Retrieved April 6, 2011, from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Altruistic_behaviors?topic=58074 Okasha, Samir, (2009) "Biological Altruism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved April 6

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Religion - Essay Example These patterns are also manifested in Great Britain, where affiliation to the Church of England determined voting patterns. The effect of religion on political systems is also manifested by Catholicism and Protestant views, where Catholic candidates in presidential elections receive distinct and different reactions between Protestants and Catholics. The other effect of religion in political systems is indicated in the prohibition, birth control and abortion debates. Both in the United States, Europe and Third World economies, and religion has been the major force in determining whether the factors mentioned above are legal or prohibited. The religious issue is deeper in the Third World, where political parties are determined by religious affiliation. Third World economies have varying types of communal political parties, sect-based parties and ideological religious parties that are based on religious views. One of the best examples of the effect of religion on political systems is the Islamist movement in some Third World countries that runs the politics of these countries. Developing forms of Islamism were promoted by Qutb, Mawdudi and Ayatollah Khoumeini of Iran and came to develop to become organized

The Weimar Republic Essay Example for Free

The Weimar Republic Essay The Weimar Republic was created in 1919 after Wilhelm II abdicated. The new government consisted of the ones who signed the Treaty of Versailles, and so nationalistic Germans thought this to be traitorous. The severe consequences given by the treaty had many Germans looking for a scapegoat to blame and the government fitted perfectly. Straight from the beginning, Weimar faced obstacles from both left and right wings. The Spartacist group on the left, lead by Liebknicht was looking to imitate a more Russian Communistic political system. They then tried to take control of Berlin, with the support of the USDP, however the military troops suppressed the revolt. Next revolt was from the right wing, and this was the Kapp Putsch, where they seized government buildings. Then Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch, with an attempt to seize the Bavarian government, which lead to another revolt being crushed, but clearly indicating that there were oppositions from both sides. The Treaty of Versailles had put Germany into financial implications, and it was starting to show that the numbers they had to repay was not a realistic one. In 1923 when a hyperinflation had developed, the currency was becoming more and more worthless: the Treaty, which was signed by the government, caused great despair, so they blamed the government for it. Then when Stresseman was appointed chancellor, he tried to get the ‘Allies’ to be more merciful and showed them how impossible the task they were given from the treaty actually was. Then the Dawes plan kicked in, which tried to keep the levels of reparations at a balanced budget, in order to prevent another situation of hyperinflation. It did help to stabilize the economy and settle inflation and it was shown in the general economic improvements, such as car sales and mass productions. More cultural improvements would follow: music, literature and theatre. Berlin even overtook Paris’ place of being the most à ¢â‚¬Ëœartistic city’ After the Great Depression occurred, the economy once again plummeted, which caused unemployment level to skyrocket. Hitler who had established himself as a leading politician at the time, preached employment and greatness, had almost ten times as many seats in the 1930 election than they did three years earlier. The German population was looking for more extreme solutions, and hundreds of demonstrations occurred against the government. This was what Hitler wanted. He had such a wide appeal and was attractive to the workers, by promising employment. A couple of years later, though, their number of votes would decline: the country was splitting into two, but both wanted to change the current government. Hindenburg passed away and Hitler appointed himself the Fuhre and the Weimar Republic was over with. To conclude, The Weimar Republic had been growing for many years, and the current circumstances did not make it any easier. It had overcome many difficulties earlier and the first signs of the republic being doomed came in the late 20’s and early 30’s when the country was starting to separate into two. To say that it was doomed from the moment it was created is irrational because it was not evident in the earlier years and only became visible later on.

Form, Duration and Participation :: essays papers

Form, Duration and Participation There are three main structural features that are used to emphasize professional development for the teachers: Form, duration and participation. Form: Is basically the format that the professional development enrichment was taught or relayed to the teachers. There are two different types of activities to emphasize form of professional development. One type is reform activities which may include â€Å"study group, teacher network, mentoring relationship, committee or task force, internship, individual research project, or teacher resource center†(Birman, Desimone, Garet, and Porter, p.29). These activities require or almost force the teacher to interact with others who have a knowledge base of professional development. These activities aren’t just the teacher sitting and being instructed on what they as teachers should incorporate in the teaching policies but they are interacting and seeing what other teachers have done who may be similar to them (meaning teaching at the same school or the same grade) and what did and did not work for them in teaching activities to their class. The second activity is the basic wo rkshop or conference, which doesn’t necessarily, gives the teachers a chance to interact. Form all in all is the format in which the professional development skills are communicated to the teacher. Duration: This structure just raises the question of the amount of time spent in learning new innovations of professional development. Through research it has been proven that with a long span of duration in structure of professional development the outcome is more elaborate and effective. According to Designing Professional Development that Works â€Å"longer duration have more subject area content focus, more opportunities for active learning, and more coherence with teachers’ other experiences than do shorter activities†. This encourages professional development enrichment to be over a period of time to ensure that the teachers are grasping everything possible from the professional development enhancement. Participation: This structure is how the teacher interacts during the professional development. The question that is raised here is â€Å"Did groups of teachers from the same school, department, or grade level participate collectively, or did teachers from different schools individually?† (Birman, Desimone, Garet, and Porter, p.29). For the professional development to be most effective it’s insisted that teachers not only participate in the professional development improvements but collectively participate. Collective participation is the collaboration of teachers who may work within the same school, subject area, or grade level. Some of the advantages of collective participation are that the teachers may be able to tell one another a specific aspect of teaching that is helpful for teaching or a specific aspect that wasn’t as useful. Form, Duration and Participation :: essays papers Form, Duration and Participation There are three main structural features that are used to emphasize professional development for the teachers: Form, duration and participation. Form: Is basically the format that the professional development enrichment was taught or relayed to the teachers. There are two different types of activities to emphasize form of professional development. One type is reform activities which may include â€Å"study group, teacher network, mentoring relationship, committee or task force, internship, individual research project, or teacher resource center†(Birman, Desimone, Garet, and Porter, p.29). These activities require or almost force the teacher to interact with others who have a knowledge base of professional development. These activities aren’t just the teacher sitting and being instructed on what they as teachers should incorporate in the teaching policies but they are interacting and seeing what other teachers have done who may be similar to them (meaning teaching at the same school or the same grade) and what did and did not work for them in teaching activities to their class. The second activity is the basic wo rkshop or conference, which doesn’t necessarily, gives the teachers a chance to interact. Form all in all is the format in which the professional development skills are communicated to the teacher. Duration: This structure just raises the question of the amount of time spent in learning new innovations of professional development. Through research it has been proven that with a long span of duration in structure of professional development the outcome is more elaborate and effective. According to Designing Professional Development that Works â€Å"longer duration have more subject area content focus, more opportunities for active learning, and more coherence with teachers’ other experiences than do shorter activities†. This encourages professional development enrichment to be over a period of time to ensure that the teachers are grasping everything possible from the professional development enhancement. Participation: This structure is how the teacher interacts during the professional development. The question that is raised here is â€Å"Did groups of teachers from the same school, department, or grade level participate collectively, or did teachers from different schools individually?† (Birman, Desimone, Garet, and Porter, p.29). For the professional development to be most effective it’s insisted that teachers not only participate in the professional development improvements but collectively participate. Collective participation is the collaboration of teachers who may work within the same school, subject area, or grade level. Some of the advantages of collective participation are that the teachers may be able to tell one another a specific aspect of teaching that is helpful for teaching or a specific aspect that wasn’t as useful.

Mesopotamian and Egyptian Culture on the Creation of the Old Testament

The Bible has been around for so many years now, that’s why most people think that it is the most comprehensive book on ancient history. For some, it is even the basis for the creation of other scriptures of other religion, as well as the creation of other religions. However, record shows that there are some important details that is the same in the Bible, the Old Testament with the writings of other culture. This means that there are some significant parts of the holy book that might have been patterned with the writings in other religions or cultures.This means that no matter how old the Bible is, its creation has been influenced by other culture’s and other religion’s writings. The Epic of Gilgamesh Gilgamesh, the Sumerian King from the city of Uruk who lived and ruled around 2500 years B. C. There are no concrete relations of relating the account on Gilgamesh with human history, other than that it was passed through word of mouth some 3,700 years ago – around 2100 B. C. as a part of the oldest works of literature that man knows of which is The Epic of Gilgamesh.As compared to the part of the Book of Exodus wherein Moses liberates the Hebrew slaves out of Egypt, it would be around 1300-1200 B. C. if ever it actually existed. But with these dates, that would make the stories of the Epic of Gilgamesh be around 800-900 years older than that of the Old Testament’s Book of Exodus. This is to build upon the facts of which of them comes first, so that it is easier to tell which of them adopts the ideas of whom. Gilgamesh seemed to have encountered a great flood as well, in The Epics of Gilgamesh.It was when Utanapishtim confided to Gilgamesh about an old city where the gods might reside. It has been moved by the Greater Gods so that they can flood out the whole region to purge the evil-doers. This is much like the Great Flood which was inflicted by God in order to punish the human race. There were also groups of people who were sp ared, those who were given a warning before the punishment was actually inflicted. They were carefully instructed on what ways they will be spared and what they have to do for that matter.Noah was to build an ark with specific dimensions and materials, as for Gilgamesh, he was instructed to tear down a house and build a large boat with a roof. The similarities are obvious. They were both instructed to load up their boats with all animal life forms that they can find. Gilgamesh is considered to be the Babylonian Noah who has lived his purpose and took part in purging the world of sinful elements. The great flood will end all lives on earth, and the only thing that would save them is through constructing a huge ark.This ark will also be filled with all types of animals for them survive the flood. These facts could mean that the part of the Bible telling about Noah could be an adaptation of the earlier Epics of Gilgamesh, as manifested by their similarities in content. Hammurabiâ€℠¢s Laws The sixth king of the Babylonian Dynasty, King Hammurabi, existed some time between 1792 to1750 B. C. and is the known author of the Code of Hammurabi. His existence was about 300 years earlier than that of Moses, the one who liberated the Hebrew slaves from their Egyptian masters, the one has been shown the Ten Commandments of the Lord.Again, this is to establish which comes first, who could’ve copied whom, in the context of Moses and King Hammurabi. The fist concept was on the respect for parents, which established the importance of the family, the most basic unit of daily life. According to Hammurabi, there should always be respect to one’s parents. If a son has struck his father, then the appropriate punishment would be to cut-off his arms. In Mosaic law, death awaits for those who cursed their father and mother and acted stubbornly or rebelliously. Another important aspect would the vitality of marriage.According to Hammurabi, it is ok to send away oneâ₠¬â„¢s wife as long as the husband provides sustenance for their children to be raised properly. On the other hand, Mosaic Law allowed divorce on the grounds that when a spouse is found indecent or unfaithful. Both suggested death for both man and woman if ever they get caught committing adultery. Both has also forbade incest, wherein the punishment would be severe and would more or less be death. Another aspect that showed relevant similarities was on slavery. Both Hammurabi and Mosaic laws permitted to own slaves.However, they are also held liable with the death of any of their slaves. They are the ones who are responsible for their slaves’ actions. Another point of similarity is regarding theft. These cases are not to be treated lightly for both the Mosaic and Hammurabi’s laws. Mosaic law states that for those proven to have stolen something, they must return it five folds if it was killed and if it was alive, it should be returned. Meanwhile, for Hammurabi, it would depend whether thirty or ten times over, depending on the social status.However, if one is caught on the act of robbery, then punishment would be death. The one that manifests great similarity was their point on the laws regarding physical injury. For Mosaic law, if the injury was not serious, the guilty person is fined and the money will be given to the one who the damage was done to. But if the injury was serious, just like what Hammurabi said, it was right to take life for life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Hymn to Aton The Old Testament has also borrowed some texts from important Egyptian texts.The Hymn to the Great God Aton showed some relevant similarities with praises for the Lord, thanking him for all His blessings. Some passages on Psalms are the same with tomb scriptures in the tomb of some relevant figures in Egyptian history to have ever existed. It may be a coincidence, but to bear almost similar thoughts on the same concepts would be nearly impossible. Sina i Covenant The Sinai Covenant, as mediated by Moses, can be considered as the last defining moments in the priestly history of the bond which is formed the divine entity and the human beings.The main components and proponents of this covenant are the brave people of Israel, and were however hampered by the laws and regulations being set by other books like Exodus and Leviticus. So, order to show their grateful nature, they have assigned a whole day for worship. It is the Sabbath day which is also the sign o that covenant, used to keep and uphold the laws. Having this Sabbath day is common for many cultures. This is because people devoted time and effort to their gods, that’s why they have to assign certain days for worship to the Lord. This is also a way to check on everyone’s faith in the religion that they belong to.

McKinsey Case Study Analysis Essay

This paper applies the management by objective (MBO) philosophy of Peter Drucker to the case study analysis of McKinsey and Company (McKinsey). Founded in 1926 by James â€Å"Mac† McKinsey, a University of Chicago professor, the firm started as an accounting and engineering consultancy agency, which experienced rapid growth. This paper is a plan that outlines key aspects of MBO and how it will have both positive and negative effects when applied to the McKinsey case study. Mac recruited experienced executives and trained them on an integrated approached he coined as the General Survey Outline (Mintzberg, et al., 2003, p. 319). Over the years, the firm’s general approach to consultancy lacked specialized knowledge concerning industry competencies. This paper brings into focus McKinsey’s potential to make a paradigm shift, and provides recommendations to implement MBO to increase the organizations effectiveness internationally. The leaders of McKinsey wanted to transform the firm of practice development, (â€Å"snowball making† the internal name) to client development (â€Å"snowball throwing†). To achieve this, the concept of general practitioners would have to change in order to keep up with technology and the global marketplace. The paper provides recommendation to aide McKinsey in development, capturing, and leveraging company assets worldwide. McKinsey and Co. Case Study Summary The McKinsey and Company case study is a presentation of the management of knowledge and learning by a large consulting firm. The case study discusses  the founding and evolution of the company under the direction of a group of professional educators and executives. The company has served as a consultant to elite firms focusing on issues important to top management for 70 years. The long history of the company is described with the addition of tables and charts to depict 20 year growth rates, mission and principles, areas of practice, and functional groups. Succession, employee growth and development; expansion, and shrinkage are explained in detail within the case study. The company expanded from the original small organization to one of global proportions and significant stature within the industry. The focus of the text is to depict the management and evolution of the firm through the periods of change and discuss future decisions and direction under a new managing director. Key Aspects of Drucker’s Philosophy Peter Drucker is recognized as the founder of modern management. He advocated for autonomy, participatory democracy, and doing what one wants. He promoted the creation of a pluralistic institution of a free society that functions and performs. In searching for finding an answer to how individual freedom can be observed in the corporate society considering the power executed by the managers; Drucker developed the managerial philosophy called management by objectives (MBO). According to Hoopes (2003), managers communicate to their subordinates the goals and objectives based on what is required by the organization; consequently, enabling their subordinates to have autonomy and be responsible for what they do at work. Drucker created this philosophy of management with the purpose of giving employees the opportunity to achieve freedom and individual responsibility in an organization. In past articles Drucker had defined freedom as â€Å"a responsible choice†¦between†¦act one way or another† (as cited by Maciariello, 2005). In addition, Drucker defined the concept of responsibility by stating that responsibility has an external component that involves _accountability to a person with authority_ and an internal component that involves _commitment_. Both making responsible choices and be accountable and committed to the person who has authority are the keys for an effective MBO. According to Maciariello (2006) Drucker believed that â€Å"leadership is taking responsibility for results† (p. 29) and that the leader is expected to show integrity and be a role model for others to follow. Regarding the leaders’ responsibility, Drucker stated that the CEO is the only one who can align the internal environment with the external environmental to make certain that the organization understands the demands of the external environment [_market, customers, and competitors_]. Drucker’s stated that the most important rule in business is to serve the consumer (Lafley, 2006). In addition, Drucker believed â€Å"in the power of strategic ideas and making clear choices†¦. [and that] the only way you can manage change is to create it† (as cited by Lafley, 2006, p. 7). Finally, as the founder of modern management, Drucker viewed organizations as a â€Å"means through which people find access to social status, community, achievement, and satisfaction [and the leaders as having] the responsibility to ensure that jobs are fulfilling and that individuals contribute fully† (as cited by Lafley, 2006, p. 7). Positive Aspects of Strategies Applied If McKinsey and company were to apply the management theory of Drucker they would identify several positive outcomes related to the management by objectives aspects. The company had experienced expansion into a global market and many changes in management and structure. The company was staffed by professionals with few levels of authority and, according to the case study, run more by consent than decree. The consultants worked within a matrix arrangement with a professional core and contractual element in its operations. The application of MBO would increase the performance of the organization by positively identifying the objectives of each employee and their relationship to the objectives of the organization. Francis and Bolander (1976) claim that relationships between corporate and employee objectives are vital to a positive outcome for any business. Under management by objectives employees would receive input that would help identify their objectives and time lines for implementa tion and closeout. Greenwood reiterates Drucker’s theory that â€Å"objectives are not given, are not obvious, are not something that everyone knows† (p. 229). Another  provision of the Drucker theory is the continuous tracking of the process and continuous feedback. This feedback is valuable in increasing the productivity of the employee and their completion of tasks. With all McKinsey managers participating in the development of the strategic plan and cascading the goals and objectives throughout the firm the positive impact of management by objectives would be evident. Francis and Bolander (1976) describe the positive outcomes of management by objectives as improved communication, increased motivation, reduced conflict between roles, and attention focused on results, not activities. With the adoption of Druckers management by objectives McKinsey and company would experience the positive outcomes described by Francis and Bolander. Outcomes of Implementation Using Drucker’s theory of management, the evolution of the management styles practiced in the McKinsey and Co. were based on decentralizing the centers. Once managers established and announced the goals of the organization, they left it up to the leaders operating in each of their offices to practice their own leadership styles to achieve the goals. They called this strategy â€Å"practice leadership† (Mintzberg, Lampel, Quinn, and Ghoshal, 2003, p.322). The management styles implemented were based on the underlying principle of Drucker’s theory of using power top-down. The results of the implementation were significantly positive and led to the emergence of management concepts that we see commonly used today, making McKinsey the industry leader of setting numerous industry trends as explained: (a) Knowledge Management – â€Å"Knowledge is the lifeblood of Mckinsey†. (Mintzberg, et al.,, 2003, p.319). Managers at McKinsey developed a process of knowledge management wherein the task of knowledge management had to be each individual’s responsibility and not just that of the team manager or leader. (b) Knowledge Sharing – By the use of publishing their key findings, employees were able to learn and communicate from each other and understand how processes worked best and most efficiently. (c) Online repository of knowledge – The success of their knowledge sharing documents and papers led manageme nt to develop an online repository of information wherein centers across the globe could access  common data and information that was entered by employees from these centers. This module made a significant impact on the communication among individual centers and the organization as a whole. (d) Identifying Best Practices – With improved communications, managers were able to access information and identify best practices that helped improve the efficiency of their applications and systems. Identifying best practices also led to the creation of establishing benchmarks that further assisted enhance and improve defects in processes. (e) Inter-office bulletins – The introduction of interoffice bulletins and papers led to the development of newsletters and e-letters that modern organizations use today to communicate with their employees globally. (f) Building Customer Loyalty – Using client relationships and training specialists to build relationships with their clients, McKinsey was one of the pioneering organizations to introduce the concept of customer loyalty. Managers trained their employees to focus only on the clients they worked with and provide then with world class quality service. The idea was to gain the customer’s business for life. This concept brought in recurring revenues for McKinsey and also helped create a loyal customer base that enhanced McKinsey’s image by in the industry by word of mouth. (g) Focus on Informational Literacy – The rapid increase in the rate of information literacy made it imperative for employees to be trained and kept abreast of new technologies and offerings that helped them sell better, communicate effectively, learn faster about new products and services, and enhance their own skills. (h) Employee growth and enhancement – Managers at McKinsey saw the value in retaining their workforce by providing the training and helping them hone their skills to perform efficiently. They paid attention to their employee’s growth patterns and career paths and assisted them in developing their profiles so they could move them laterally or higher up in the organization without having to search for someone from the outside. This also helped build the employee knowledge base that could be transferred or shared with one another when needed. One of the negative aspects of the evolution was that the organization grew too fast. Secondly, the organization became a victim of technology where most of the teams were virtual teams leading to lack of direct interaction. Finally, the decentralization of each business unit, across the globe, led  to each unit creating their own processes using the same applications, which resulted in more time being spent in determining best practices of successful processes. Recommendations â€Å"A change leader sees change as an opportunity. A change leader looks for change, knows how to find the right changes, and knows how to make them effective both outside the organization and inside it† (Drucker, 2000 as cited in McKenna, 2006). These words spoken by Drucker were as if they were meant for Mr. Gupta as he reviewed the progress of McKinsey & Co. Growth had been meeting expectations and they were being rewarded handsomely by the market but Mr. Gupta had begun to question whether McKinsey & Co. was, in Drucker’s terms, not just getting things done but getting the right things done.. He questioned, â€Å"If this represented the tip of McKinsey’s knowledge and expertise iceberg, how well was the firm doing in developing, capturing, and leveraging this asset in service of its clients worldwide?† (Mintzberg, et al., 2003, p. 319). After all this was the second component of the McKinsey Mission Statement. No where had this rang truer than in the halls of McKinsey & Co. They had experienced tremendous growth and change over the decades and like many others saw their share of recessions but they had continued to grow into their present International stardom in spite of it all. Drucker, would concur with Mr. Gupta’s questioning their success irrespective of their huge windfalls. He would caution others in that success is not inevitable or forever and can quickly evaporate if one’s focus is not on the right things. Drucker, wrote of the knowledge worker, a description that applied to most, in the 21st century and he spoke of the importance of efficiency but more importantly about getting the right things done. This was the obvious question that was plaguing Mr. Gupta. He cited three intersecting concerns of the knowledge-driven age that were making the task more difficult and complex. He wondered if his initiatives would be enough. The first concern rests in the amount and rate of change.  Second, the increasing expectations and expertise, and finally, the firm’s success itself contributed to the difficulty, in linking and integrating the consultants and the worldwide offices. Drucker, in writing on what executives must do would applaud Mr. Gupta for his foresight. â€Å"Drucker wrote of ‘five habits of the mind’ that executives must acquire†: (a) knowing where their time goes. (b) Focusing on outward contribution. (c) Building on strength- their own and others. (d) Concentrating on the few major areas where performance will provide outstanding results. (e) Making effective fundamental decisions (McKenna, 2006, p. 4). The outcomes as highlighted above, those stated by Mr. Gupta, along with the Practice Olympics were a beginning and answer to the question of whether McKinsey & Co. were on the right track. They were not only aligned with the five habits as outlined by Mr. Drucker above but were also realigning with the Mission Statement of McKinsey & Co. which stated, â€Å"McKinsey Mission: To help our clients make positive, lasting, and substantial improvements in their performance and to build a great Firm that is able to attract, develop, excite, and retain exceptional people† (Mintzberg, et al., 2003, p. 321). The only additional recommendation not covered in Mr. Gupta’s initiatives but an underlying principle was that growth had made it impossible to link the knowledge and expertise of the organization. This barrier could be easily addressed within the two-tiered career path he proposed. Allowing for ‘intrapreneurship† to flourish and â€Å"to let 1,000 flowers to bloom (Gluck, 1991, as cited in Mintzberg, et al., 2003, p. 324) would be a way to not only ensure the future success of McKinsey & Co. but would also be a direct link back to the philosophy of Mr. Gluck, a former and highly successful Managing Director of McKinsey & Co. Conclusion This analysis of McKinsey illustrates how MBO can serve as a change agent to  help the organization continue to grow in spite of recessions over the years. The implementation of MBO has its negative and positive aspects, yet in a broad since of theories, the positive outweighs the negative. McKinsey is able to live its mission to help clients make positive and lasting improvements while retaining exceptional people. In conclusion, although the organization grew extremely fast and became victims of technology, the implementation of Peter Drucker’s, MBO could increase the firm’s efficiency for two main reasons. First, it reduces conflict between roles and focuses on results. However, most notably, MBO improves communication, increases motivation and the McKinsey team transforms into snowball makers (practice development) and snowball throwers (client development) worldwide. References Francis, J. G., & Bolander, S. F. (1976). MBO and the small organization. _American Journal of_ _Small Business,_ _I_(1),1-6. Retrieved March 8, 2007, from EBSCOhost database. Greenwood, R. G. (1981). Management by objectives: As developed by Peter Drucker, assisted by Harold Smiddy. _Academy of Management Review, 6_(2), 225-230. Retrieved March 8, 2007, from EBSCO host database. Lafley, A. G. (2007). What Drucker taught me. _Leadership Excellence_, 24(1), p. 7. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from ProQuest database. Maciariello, J. (2005). Peter F. Drucker on a functioning society. _Leader to Leader_, 2005(37), 26-34. Retrieved March 7, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database. McKenna, Joseph F. (2006). _Drucker in December_. T & P; Tooling and Production, 72(12), p. 4. Retrieved March 16, 2007 from EBSCOhost Research Database Mintzberg, H., Lampel, J., Quinn, J.B., & Ghoshal, S. (2003). _The strategy process-concepts,_ _contexts, cases._ Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

buy custom Neuman Nursing Theory essay

buy custom Neuman Nursing Theory essay The Neuman system model provides a worldview of nursing that embraces a system approach, maintains the centrality of the client to plans of face and establishes nursing as a unique practice that addresses the client system in relationship with environment. To Neuman, people are considered as dynamic composites of psychological, developmental and social-cultural variables that function as an open system. As an open system, people interact with, adjusts to, and are adjusted by the environment, which is seen as a stressor. Stressors disrupt the system. This model includes interpersonal, intrapersonal and extra-personal stressors. According to Neuman, nursing is concerned with the whole person. She uses the term client when discussing the patient (Perry, Heath Potter, 1995). This paper discusses the components of Neuman's nursing theory and how they are implemented in nursing practice. Components of Neuman's Nursing Theory and their Implementation The main components are evaluation, education, practice and research. Neumans evaluation process in the nursing process involves the evaluation of outcomes. For instance, nurses evaluate the effectiveness of their intervention based on the degree to which the clients met their specific goals. With this evaluation, the nurses are able to determine the clients status in the health-illness continuum so that changes can be made as required in the planning and iplementation of care (Fawcett, 1993). Under education, Neumans model compels nurses to use logic, deduction, and induction in development of their care plans. Most importantly, the model reveals to nurses that the perceptions of the client are an integral part of the nursing process and should be included in the data collection as well as in the steps of client outcome development. The valuable guidelines for education include: the curriculum focuses on the client systems reaction to stressors, the curriculum content encompasses al l of the concepts in the model, education can occur in technical and educational programs and nurses must think critically (Butts Rich, 2011). Under practice, Neuman model provides nurses with a different frame of reference for addressing health conditions within distinctive settings. The model supports the use of various clinical tools that are practical and that guide whole assessment and prevention for individuals, communities, families and organizations; these tools assist to guide the practitioners clinical practice. The guidelines the practice component include the purpose to assist clients to retain, attain and maintain optimal system stability, practice problems include potential reactions to stressors, practice takes place in all healthcare settings and the participants are individuals, families and communities who are faced with stressors. Concerning the research component, Neuman systems model has been the basis for a wide range of studies, ffrom the descriptions of the Neuman phenomena to experiments testing the effects of prevention intervention on multiple system outcomes. The guidelines for research component include the purpose of the model is to predict the impacts of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention interventions on retention, attainment, and maintenance of client stability, and to determine the cost-benefit trade-off and utility of prevention interventions, the phenomena of interest include physiological, socio-cultural, development and spiritual variables and the problems to be studied deal with the impact of stressors on the clients stability (Butts Rich, 2011) Generally, these components provide nurses with important guidelines for assessment of the whole person, utilization of the nursing process and implementation of preventive intervention. Also, they provide an appropriate nursing framework and comprehensive approach to contemporary and future goal phenomena and concerns that face the nursing sector in the 21st century (Basavanthappa, 2007). Conclusion It is evident that Neumans model is focused on the wellness of the client in terms of environmental stressors and the clients reactions to these stressors. The concept of prevention as intervention facilitates the use of the nursing process in persons as individuals or groups with the aim of achieving client system stability as well as maintaining various protective barriers. Buy custom Neuman Nursing Theory essay

How to Manage a Social Media Crisis Without Losing Your Mind

How to Manage a Social Media Crisis Without Losing Your Mind A social media crisis is something most brands will encounter at some point in time. Some will be more serious than others, but a solid social media crisis plan can help you better manage the situation and mitigate damages. Maybe an intern accidentally posted on the company account (instead of a personal profile). Or, a major mistake (understandable or not) might spark online outrage amongst your audience. Whatever the case, marketers and social media managers need to be prepared, which is why every company should have a social media crisis management plan in place. Equipped with your crisis survival guide, you’ll be prepared for even the worst situations. How to Manage a Social Media Crisis Without Losing Your Mind via @Document Your Social Media Crisis Plan Before we dig into the nuts and bolts of crisis planning, snag your free template to put together a complete crisis communication strategy. Use this post as a guide to complete it. Then, keep it somewhere easily accessible for your team, and youll be ready for the worst. Awesome news! Youre invited to a 1on1 marketing demo of ! In 30 mins or less, you can see howtoGet your free social media crisis management plan template from @What Qualifies As a Social Media Crisis? First, we need to be clear about what is (and isn’t) a crisis. Linking to the wrong blog post on a social message – a minor mistake, but definitely not of crisis proportions. Using a national disaster to promote your products and receiving backlash for it – definitely something that falls into the crisis category. The first scenario happens from time to time. Humans make mistakes. We're all busy and sometimes minor things slip through the cracks. The second situation, however, is obviously urgent. A strategic choice has led to some major issues and could do the brand major damage. So, you get the idea. But, how do you actually separate day-to-day hiccups from genuine catastrophes? When it comes to social media problems, how do you actually separate day-to-day hiccups from...Create a Social Media Crisis Scale Convince and Convert  devised a great solution to this problem. They built a customer response flowchart that matches the severity of an issue, to the right course of action. Here’s what theirs looks like: You can create something similar by establishing five levels of issue severity: Customer service question: Routine inquiries that your customer support team can answer. Here's an example from Delta: This customer reached out on Twitter with a question regarding frequent flyer upgrades. An angry customer: More than just a question, this person is actively upset. Allow customer service or PR to respond, with a manager’s guidance. Here's an example from United: Several angry customers: If you have several (let’s say ten or more) customers complaining about the same issue in the space of an hour, get a customer service manager or PR specialist directly on the appropriate social channel. Here's an example from Instagram when the platform experienced an outage. Something terrible just happened: In the event of a major news catastrophe, shut down all scheduled social media posts. If there’s a serious defect with a product, your service is down, or something similar, consider creating content answering common questions. Get senior-level managers, PR, or marketing and the C-Suite involved. Issue statements, apologies, etc. Here's an example of how Samsung handled a terrible incident when its Galaxy Note 7 mobile phones were recalled due to safety issues. Your brand is serious jeopardy: There's been a misstep in communication and something was handled poorly resulting in lawsuits, public backlash, and boycotting.   Consider getting a statement from your CEO, or reissuing an apology and admitting your mistakes. Involve your senior-level managers, customer service, PR, and marketing staff and monitor the situation closely. Here's an example from an incident where United handled the removal of a passenger poorly resulting in broken bones and unnecessary force. Following the incident, an internal statement from the CEO went public after reaffirming his support for employees while describing the passenger as "disruptive and belligerent." After, the public was outraged and resulted in the CEO issuing an apology, new regulations and nearly $1 billion axed from its market value on the stock market. Here are some examples of situations that would fit each level: Crisis Level 1: Isolated customer complaints and questions. Crisis Level 2: Angry customers, broken links, posts directing to the wrong page, factual inaccuracies, major misspellings on social posts. Crisis Level 3: High volume of angry customers, service outages, lack of product availability. Crisis Level 4: Product recalls, defective services or products, widespread negative press coverage, layoffs. Crisis Level 5: Lawsuits, serious accidents resulting in injury, illegal employee conduct. This isn’t a scientific scale, but it should give you some idea of how to prioritize. Unless it’s above Level 2, it’s really not a crisis at all. If it’s less than a Level 3, it most likely does not need to be escalated past your customer service team, or routine PR messaging. Here's how to identify a social media crisis using a five-point scaleIdentifying a Crisis Using Social Listening Now you know what a crisis looks like. Next, let’s walk through how to spot them as they happen. One of the worst things you can say in a crisis is nothing. So, make sure you’re monitoring what’s being said about your brand is essential for responding promptly. The best way to do this is with social listening. The good news is, you can do this with . You no longer have to have your social message scheduling separate from your social media conversations. Here's how it works: Why should brands use 's new social listening feature to spot a crisis before it spreads?How Can I Tell My Brand Has a Problem? Follow these two steps: Keep an eye on your brand mentions. Check in periodically and use email alerts to stay on top of discussions as they happen. Use your crisis scale to assess problems. Then, respond accordingly. To determine how many negative messages constitutes a crisis, Hootsuite recommends setting crisis thresholds. Here’s an example they outline for a hypothetical sports clothing company: Less than five negative mentions per hour: Continue monitoring closely. Compile a report for senior management to review at the end of the day. More than five negative mentions per hour: Begin assigning messages to the public relations manager in Hootsuite. More than 10 negative mentions per hour, for more than three consecutive hours: Contact the CMO on her cell phone, and begin officially rolling out the social media crisis management plan. You can establish your own thresholds similarly, based on what you might think is reasonable. Recommended Reading: How to Create a Social Media Strategy With 3 Steps and a Template Develop a Plan Before a Crisis Happens Prevention is the best medicine. Short of that, having a plan in place before things go haywire is the next best option. Here are four things to prepare and keep on hand in case of emergency. Establish a Crisis Chain of Command Using your crisis scale, establish who is responsible for managing the response at each level. It might look something like this: Develop an Internal Response Protocol Your employees likely have their own social media accounts. When disaster strikes, they may not know what they can (and can’t) say about the issue publically. So, it’s important to make sure they don’t go rogue or leak information you don’t want to be released. This could make a bad situation worse. Get in front of this with a documented response plan. If a crisis reaches a level 4 or higher, do the following: Send an internal email alerting everyone about the situation. When a problem reaches this stage, people need to know. They should hear about it from their own company before family, friends, or strangers start asking. Provide messaging they can share. They might get asked questions. Either create copy-and-paste messaging they can share or a link to a page they can direct people toward. This will help keep your message consistent and take the pressure off team members to respond (who might not know what to say otherwise). Keep your company up to date. Continue to keep the flow of information open. Let everyone internally know when the issue is resolved. Recommended Reading: How to Complete a Social Media Audit in 9 Steps (Free Template) Secure Social Media Login Credentials This is important for two reasons: If your crisis is the result of a hack, you’ll want to change your passwords. You may want to consider changing login email addresses and usernames, too. If you need to remove something or stop automated posts, it’s important that all authorized staff know where to find the login info. The last thing you need is to have your PR and social teams scrambling to find the Twitter password because the manager is on vacation. The best way to do this is with a shared and secure password repository. Some options include: 1Password Dashlane LastPass KeePass Roboform 8 You can learn more about each of these services via Lifehacker. They all achieve more or less the same goal (and can be used for securing a lot more than just social media credentials). Plus, they make it possible for each member of your team (or at least those who need social account access) to store and secure passwords in one place. Social media crisis management tip: Keep passwords secured and stored somewhere team members can...Craft Emergency Response Messaging Templates When a mistake happens, you may not have time to issue a detailed response right away. However, you’ll need to say something to acknowledge you’re aware of the issue before things get out of hand. Plus, for routine inquiries, it can save time to have messaging ready to help you respond promptly. You don’t need to be beholden to your templates, either. Keep them flexible enough that they can be edited to fit the given situation (and make sure they actually make sense before posting). Here are some copy-and-paste examples you can use. Example 1: Hi [USERNAME], We’re sorry to hear you’ve been experiencing [INSERT PROBLEM]. Our customers expect and deserve better from us. Could you send us a DM with more details? Example 2: This sounds frustrating! Please accept our apologies, we should have resolved [INSERT PROBLEM] before it disrupted your day. Please call us at [INSERT NUMBER] and we’ll take care of this right away. Example 3: We’re extremely sorry to learn [INSERT PROBLEM] has been happening. Fortunately, we do have a solution that should help. Check out [INSERT URL] to find the next steps you should take. If there’s anything else we can do, let us know! Templates like this can help resolve routine inquiries fast. However, be cautious of overusing the same messaging too frequently. It can come across impersonal (though, really, most people will be okay with that as long as their problem gets fixed). If your problem is more than just a customer complaint, though, you’ll need to go into full-on crisis mode.

Sports Club Entity Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sports Club Entity Model - Essay Example The various functionalities would include scalability of various operations, ease of performing updations and modifications of data, maintaining the integrity of data, security of data is ensured, efficient recovery manager, maintains concurrency control and plan for recovery techniques and many more. All this would promote the functioning of the airline reservation system. Choosing a database model is of greater importance. The relational data model is based on relational data structures, integrity constraints and smooth access to Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language statement for creation and retrieval of data. It is based on relational algebra (Navathe, 2004). The database for family budgeting system would include features like atomic values, primary and foreign key relationships, and normalization process to reduce redundancy and anomalies of insertion, modification and deletion errors, row and column structure of the database tables and all kind of relationshi ps are possible, one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one and many-to-many. Â  Data warehousing is a concept that is used for storing organization’s data and is usually termed as corporate memory. It contains the raw material for an enterprise’s MIS or DSS system. The analyst can perform complex queries which would be used for getting results and further interpretation of the data and the resultant information (William, 2000). The subject-oriented feature of the data warehousing takes into account the various elements that take place in the real world. It is non-volatile and integrated with respect to the data that they are never deleted and contains all the information with regard to business processing by the enterprise for all its operations. Â